Fig 1. Mean survival (±S. E. M.) of Calliphora vicina females either developed on sugar, water and liver (SWL), or sugar and water only (SW), following 2 h exposure to progressively lower sub-zero temperatures (-4° to -9°C).

Survival was assessed as spontaneous movement after 2h recovery at 20°C. * denotes significant differences at p<0.05, ** at p<0.01 and *** at p<0.001 (Bonferroni post-hoc). 6 replicates of n = 10 for each data point.