Fig 9. Immunity to powdery mildews is impaired in crk mutants.

(A) Relative amount of plant foliar mildew coverage (in percent) caused by the virulent biotrophic powdery mildew Golovinomyces orontii (Go) on crks compared to Col-0 wild type and Go-super-susceptible eds1. Results are mean ± SE (n = 15). The experiment was conducted three times and the amount of disease was normalised between experiments by setting the infection cover of Col-0 to one. Asterisks indicate differences between crks and Col-0, statistical significance *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 (linear mixed model with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction). (B) Pictures of Go infected crks and close-up of infected leaves. In some cases, infected leaves displayed increased pigmentation and crk5 showed accelerated death of the infected leaves. Bar = 1 cm. (C) No infection was observed with the non-host powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) but several crks displayed increased pigmentation. Bar = 1 cm. All experiments were repeated three times with similar results.