Table 3.
Physical and psychological outcomes in women aged 75-85 who took part in two year balance training programme for prevention of fall induced injuries (intervention) or no such programme (control). Mean changes are shown with 95% confidence intervals
| Control group | Intervention group | Estimated mean difference between groups (95% CI)* | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data | No in group | Data | No in group | ||||
| Timed get up and go (s)† | |||||||
| Mean (SD) time taken at baseline | 12.39 (3.09) | 354 | 12.38 (2.76) | 352 | — | — | |
| Mean change from baseline to 12 mo | 0.04 (−0.25 to 0.34) | 270 | 0.66 (0.36 to 0.96) | 268 | 0.53 (0.06 to 1.01) | 0.03 | |
| Mean change from baseline to 24 mo | −0.30 (−0.68 to 0.08) | 277 | 0.45 (0.07 to 0.84) | 271 | 0.68 (0.10 to 1.27) | 0.02 | |
| Time to walk 6 m (s)† | |||||||
| Mean (SD) at baseline | 7.46 (1.68) | 354 | 7.44 (1.65) | 352 | — | — | |
| Mean change from baseline to 12 mo | −0.07 (−0.25 to −0.10) | 270 | 0.26 (0.08 to 0.44) | 270 | 0.27 (−0.03 to 0.57) | 0.08 | |
| Mean change from baseline to 24 mo | −0.60 (−0.83 to −0.36) | 277 | 0.01 (−0.23 to 0.24) | 271 | 0.54 (0.16 to 0.91) | 0.005 | |
| Time for 5 chair stands (s)† | |||||||
| Mean (SD) at baseline | 15.55 (4.57) | 349 | 15.55 (4.44) | 343 | — | — | |
| Mean change from baseline to 12 mo | 0.30 (−0.26 to 0.85) | 265 | 1.84 (1.28 to 2.4) | 261 | 1.51 (0.67 to 2.35) | <0.001 | |
| Mean change from baseline to 24 mo | 1.18 (0.69 to 1.66) | 271 | 2.92 (2.43 to 3.42) | 261 | 1.70 (1.08 to 2.33) | <0.001 | |
| Time spent in single leg stance (s)‡ | |||||||
| Mean (SD) at baseline | 6.78 (6.49) | 354 | 6.44 (6.34) | 352 | — | — | |
| Mean change from baseline to 12 mo | −0.31 (−1.17 to 1.4) | 269 | −2.07 (−2.93 to −1.21) | 270 | −1.72 (−2.95 to −0.50) | 0.006 | |
| Mean change from baseline to 24 mo | 0.19 (−0.67 to 1.06) | 276 | −1.91 (−2.78 to −1.03) | 271 | −2.07 (−3.29 to −0.85) | <0.001 | |
| Fear of falling (FES-I score)† | |||||||
| Mean (SD) score at baseline | 26.02 (6.97) | 353 | 25.52 (7.06) | 350 | — | — | |
| Mean change from baseline to 12 mo | −1.02 (−1.74 to −0.31) | 285 | −0.26 (−0.99 to 0.46) | 275 | 1.50 (0.23 to 2.76) | 0.02 | |
| Mean change from baseline to 24 mo | −1.44 (−2.19 to −0.68) | 270 | −1.06 (−1.82 to −0.29) | 267 | 1.12 (−0.19 to 2.41) | 0.09 | |
*Computed from unadjusted marginal model with random effect for centre.
†Positive mean difference between groups indicates better performance in intervention group.
‡Negative mean difference between groups indicates better performance in intervention group.