Table 2. Summary of the literature review for cost of DM (all costs are in 2009 US$).
| Authors (Year) | Study Design | Sample size | Data | Type of Diabetes | Study perspective | Type of Costs | Average direct cost (2009 US$) | Average indirect cost (2009 US$) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farshchi et al. (2012) | Retrospective/ Prevalence-based | 1000 | Individual level data | Type 2 | Society | Direct and indirect | 520 Male* †490 Female | 589 Male* †489 Female |
| Ghaffari et al. 2009 | Cross-sectional/ Prevalence-based | 4002 | Individual level data | Type 1 & Type 2 | Purchasers (patients and insurer) | Direct cost | 902.75 †† | - |
| Javanbakht et al. 2009 | Cross-sectional/ Prevalence-based | 4500 | Individual level data | Type 2 | society | Direct and indirect | 808.6* | 821* |
| Ezzatabadi et al 2012 | cross-sectional/ Prevalence-based | 250 | Individual level data | Type 2 | society | Direct | 274* | - |
| Esteghamati et al. (2004–2005) | Randomized representative/ Prevalence-based | 710 | Individual level data | Type 1 & Type 2 | society | Direct and indirect | 226 | 51.8** |
| Amini et al. 1998 | Prevalence-based | - | Modelling | Type 2 | society | Direct and indirect | 389.2* | 1152* |
† Cost were adjusted based on the market exchange rate where official exchange rate were used
†† Total estimated cost for all diabetic patients (2,948,637) was 2661.9 million, yielding a mean annual cost of 902.75 US$
*Adjusted average cost for type 1 and Type 2 DM patient
** Only includes lost work days