Table 1. Characteristics of study population without diabetes at baseline.
| Characteristic | Never smoker | Former smoker | Current smoker | P value 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 23189 | 10162 | 20579 | |
| Men, % | 72.3 | 96.3 | 95.5 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 43.0 ± 10.2 2 | 46.6 ± 9.1 | 43.2 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.0 | 24.0 ± 2.9 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.2 ± 14.8 | 122.8 ± 14.2 | 120.2 ± 14.4 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.4 ± 10.7 | 78.2 ± 10.0 | 75.3 ± 10.2 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 15.6 | 22.6 | 15.1 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.5 ± 9.2 | 83.5 ± 8.0 | 82.4 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| Shift work (yes, %) 3 | 14.9 | 16.3 | 26.5 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinker (>23 g ethanol/d, %) 3 | 11.1 | 28.5 | 50.9 | <0.001 |
| Sleeping time (<6 h/d, %) 3 | 55.6 | 47.1 | 50.9 | <0.001 |
| Leisure-time physical activity (≥150 min/wk, %) 3 | 13.2 | 17.3 | 12.7 | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes 3 , % | 14.5 | 15.5 | 14.0 | 0.02 |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
1Calculated by using the Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables or analysis of variance F test for continuous variables at baseline.
2Mean ± SD (all such values).
3Data were available for 32373 subjects.