Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 1988)
| Total (N = 1988) |
E-cigarette users (n = 292) |
NRT-only users (n = 542) |
None (n = 1154) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD)/Frequency (%) | |||||
| Age*** | 45.1 (13.0) | 42.0 (14.6)a | 47.8 (11.9)b | 44.6 (13.0)c | |
| Sex | Male | 48.7% | 49.4% | 50.2% | 49.1% |
| Female | 51.3% | 50.6% | 49.8% | 50.9% | |
| Ethnicity*** | White | 32.6% | 33.2%a | 45.8%b | 26.2%c |
| Asian | 21.6% | 25.0%a | 18.6%a | 22.2%a | |
| Native Hawaiian | 32.5% | 29.5%a | 22.7%a | 37.9%b | |
| Other | 13.3% | 12.3%a | 12.9%a | 13.8%a | |
| Income | Over $40,000 | 13.7% | 22.0% | 16.9% | 18.0% |
| $20,001–$40,000 | 25.2% | 22.7% | 18.8% | 20.9% | |
| $20,000 or below | 61.1% | 55.4% | 64.3% | 61.1% | |
| Nicotine dependence | 4.9 (2.4) | 5.0 (2.4)ab | 5.2 (2.3)a | 4.9 (2.5)b | |
| Lifetime quit attempts* | 8.5 (18.7) | 12.0 (21.9)a | 9.0 (17.4)ab | 7.5 (18.3)b | |
| Reasons for quitting*** | Health concerns | 10.1 (6.5) | 11.6 (5.8)a | 11.7 (6.2)a | 8.9 (6.6)b |
| Self-control | 8.0 (6.2) | 9.5 (5.9)a | 9.1 (5.9)a | 7.2 (6.3)b | |
| Social pressure | 3.7 (4.1) | 4.4 (4.4)a | 4.2 (4.1)a | 3.2 (3.9)b | |
| Immediate reinforcement | 8.2 (5.3) | 9.6 (4.9)a | 9.4 (5.0)a | 7.2 (5.4)b | |
Note. NRT = Nicotine Replacement Therapy; E-cigarette users/non-users = smokers who ever-used/never-used e-cigarettes for help with smoking cessation. Different letter subscripts across row (e.g., a, b, c) indicate pairwise comparisons significant at the alpha = 0.05 level using Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) Test which controls for the Type I experimentwise error rate involved in multiple comparisons.
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001