Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate models for cognitive outcomes associated with diabetes
| n | Estimated effect (95% Confidence Interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate Model | Multivariable Model | ||
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test | |||
| Total Trials 1-3 | 1209 | 0.82 (-0.62 to 2.27) | 0.77 (-0.77 to 2.31) |
| Delayed free recall | 1209 | 0.57 (-0.88 to 2.01) | 0.51 (-1.03 to 2.06) |
| Recognition | 1208 | 0.14 (-1.58 to 1.86) | 0.27 (-1.59 to 2.13) |
| Stroopa | |||
| Trial 1&2 | 1197 | -1.31 (-2.97 to 0.35) | -0.11 (-1.87 to 1.65) |
| Trial 3 | 1156 | -1.99 (-3.87 to -0.10)* | -0.82 (-2.85 to 1.21) |
| Trail Making Testa | |||
| A | 1209 | -0.52 (-2.04 to 0.99) | -0.80 (-2.41 to 0.81) |
| B | 1177 | -0.22 (-1.78 to 1.35) | -0.22 (-1.87 to 1.43) |
| Symbol Digit | 1203 | -0.39 (-1.82 to 1.04) | -0.03 (-1.57 to 1.51) |
| Fluency | |||
| Phonemic | 1204 | -0.85 (-2.37 to 0.68) | -0.02 (-1.66 to 1.61) |
| Semantic | 1206 | 0.49 (-0.95 to 1.93) | 0.11 (-1.41 to 1.63) |
| Grooved Pegboarda | 1168 | -2.71 (-4.26 to -1.16)*** | -1.75 (-3.42 to -0.09)* |
| Letter Number Sequencing | |||
| Attention | 1071 | -0.12 (-1.77 to 1.52) | 0.07 (-1.66 to 1.80) |
| Working memory | 1038 | 0.10 (-1.64 to 1.84) | -0.02 (-1.87 to 1.83) |
Note.
*
p<0.05.
a
Log-transformed scores were used. Variables included in the adjusted models included: site, HIV status, alcohol use, body mass index, hypertension, Waist-to-hip ratio, hepatitis C, CES-D, antidepressant medication, fasting cholesterol, marijuana and crack, cocaine, and/or heroin use. For the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, Symbol Digit, and Stroop we also controlled for the number of times a woman was exposed to the test.