Table 1.
The 16S rDNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Results of Culture-Negative Valves in Infective Endocarditis
| Identified Microorganism | No. of Samples (Episodes) n = 120 (110) | % of Episodes |
|---|---|---|
| Staphylococci | 18 (17) | 16 |
| Non-aureus staphylococci | 12 (11) | 10 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 6 (6) | 5 |
| Streptococci | 63 (57) | 52 |
| Oral streptococci | 20 (18) | 17 |
| Streptococcus gallolyticus | 12 (12) | 11 |
| Enterococci | 9 (8) | 7 |
| Group B streptococci | 4 (4) | 4 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 3 (2)a | |
| Otherb | 15 (13) | 12 |
| Enterobacteriaceae | 9 (7) | 6 |
| HACEK groupc | 3 (2) | 2 |
| Propionibacterium acnes | 6 (6) | 5 |
| Mycobacteria | 5 (5) | 5 |
| Mycobacterium chelonaed | 4 (4)a | |
| Mycobacterium lentiflavumd | 1 (1)a | |
| Coxiella burnetii | 1 (1)a | |
| Tropheryma whipplei | 2 (2)a | |
| Actinomyces oris | 1 (1)a | |
| Streptobacillus moniliformis | 1 (1)a | |
| Othere | 11 (11) | 10 |
a Percentages were not reported because of very small numbers.
b Including Streptococcus lutetiensis (n = 1), Streptococcus gordonii (n = 4), Streptococcus species (n = 4), Gemella haemolysans (n = 2), Gemella morbillorum (n = 2), Gemella bergeri (n = 1), and Gemella species (n = 1).
c Including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (n = 1) and Cardiobacterium hominis (n = 2).
d Obtained by Mycobacterium-specific hsp PCR.
e Acinetobacter species (n = 1), Bacillus species (n = 1), Brevibacterium species (n = 1), Burkholderia species (n = 1), Corynebacterium species (n = 1), Friedmanniella capsulata (n = 1), Hyphomicrobium denitrificans (n = 1), Micrococcus species (n = 1), Neisseria flava (n = 1), Paracoccus species (n = 1), or contaminated DNA sequence (n = 1).