Table 3.
Association Between Epilepsy in the Mother, Valproate Exposure, and Autism Spectrum Disorder and Childhood Autism
| Epilepsy in Mother | Valproate Exposure | Live Births, No. | No. With Disorder | Hazard Ratio (95% Cl)
|
Absolute Risk Over 14 y, % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusteda | |||||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | ||||||
| Yes | Yes | 432 | 11 | 1.7 (0.9-3.2) | 1.7 (0.9-3.2) | 4.15 (2.20-7.81) |
|
| ||||||
| No | 6152 | 83 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 2.44 (1.88-3.16) | |
|
| ||||||
| No | Yes | 76 | 3 | 4.2 (1.4-12.5) | 4.4 (1.4-13.6) | 6.67 (2.12-20.6) |
|
| ||||||
| No | 648 955 | 5340 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1.52 (1.46-1.57) | |
|
| ||||||
| Childhood Autism | ||||||
| Yes | Yes | 432 | 8 | 2.8 (1.3-6.1) | 2.9 (1.4-6.0) | 2.95 (1.42-6.11) |
|
| ||||||
| No | 6152 | 37 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1.02 (0.70-1.49) | |
|
| ||||||
| No | Yes | 76 | 1 | 4.2 (0.6-30.0) | 3.9 (0.5-28.9) | 1.86 (0.24-13.8) |
|
| ||||||
| No | 648 955 | 2021 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 0.48 (0.45-0.51) | |
a
Adjusted for maternal age at conception, paternal age at conception, parental psychiatric history, gestational age, birth weight, sex, congenital malformations, and parity.