Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of liver cancer cases and controls (the Shanghai Men’s Health Study and the Shanghai Women’s Health Study)
| Characteristics | All subjects |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n=217) | Controls (n=427) | P | |
| Age at interview (y) † | 61 (51, 67) | 61 (50, 67) | 0.83 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.6 (21.3, 26.0) | 24.1 (21.9, 25.9) | 0.17 |
| Education level, No. (%) | 0.03 | ||
| Elementary school or less | 63 (29.3) | 115 (27.0) | |
| Middle school | 69 (32.1) | 148 (34.7) | |
| High school | 62 (28.8) | 91 (21.4) | |
| College or above | 21 (9.8) | 72 (16.9) | |
| Household income, No. (%) | 0.29 | ||
| Low | 126 (58.1) | 220 (51.6) | |
| Middle | 66 (30.4) | 146 (34.3) | |
| High | 25 (11.5) | 60 (14.1) | |
| Ever smoked, No. (%) | 93 (42.9) | 173 (40.5) | 0.57 |
| Ever drank alcohol, No. (%) | 45 (20.7) | 98 (23.0) | 0.52 |
| Physical activity (MET-hours/week) ‡ | 72.1 (51.0, 105.6) | 78 (52.7, 107.4) | 0.41 |
| Family history of liver cancer, No. (%) | 28 (12.9) | 18 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| History of diabetes, No. (%) | 25 (11.5) | 35 (8.2) | 0.17 |
| History of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, No. (%) | 69 (31.8) | 18 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Urinary ITCs (μmol/g creatinine) | 1.49 (0.49, 3.49) | 1.44 (0.46, 3.95) | 0.83 |
†
Median; interquartile range (between the 25th and the 75th percentiles) in parentheses (all such values).
‡
Physical activity level was measured by metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours per week per year.