. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 23.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2011 Oct 14;0(4):321–332. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30316

TABLE I.

Prevalence and Sex Ratio of Cases With Bladder Exstrophy in Published Studies

Refs.	Study period	Number of cases	Population	Prevalence per 100,000 births	Male-to-female ratio
Rickham [1961]	1941–1953 1954–1960	16 28	Live births	2.5 10.0	Not reported
Caton et al. [2007]	1983–1999	95	Live births	2.1	1.75:1^a
ICBDMS [1987]	1967–1985	208	All births	3.3	1.5:1
Martínez-Frías et al. [2001]	1976–1999	45	All births	2.8	1.32:1
Nelson et al. [2005]	1988–2000	205^b	Live births	2.15	1:1
Bird et al. [2006]	1997–2001	Not reported	Live births	3.2	Not reported

Among isolated/sequence BE cases.

Cloacal exstrophy cases may be included.