Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Study 1 (British Cohort Study): Characteristics of Participants at Each Assessment Wave and of Participants With Lifetime Unemployment Data
| Characteristic | Assessment wave |
Lifetime-unemployment sample (n = 6,675) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 21 (n = 759) | Age 26 (n = 4,339) | Age 30 (n = 5,377) | Age 34 (n = 4,700) | Age 38 (n = 4,405) | Age 42 (n = 4,824) | ||
| Unemploymenta | 10.8% | 4.9% | 3.4% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 5.3 months |
| Self-controlb (mean) | 31.17 (10.00) | 32.69 (9.74) | 31.79 (10.00) | 32.01 (9.85) | 32.33 (9.85) | 32.12 (9.87) | 31.66 (9.99) |
| Intelligencec (mean) | 76.16 (13.13) | 78.93 (13.61) | 77.94 (13.86) | 78.24 (13.77) | 78.75 (13.51) | 78.43 (13.69) | 77.31 (13.94) |
| Female (%) | 50.6 | 51.1 | 45.7 | 46.6 | 48.3 | 48.9 | 50.6 |
| Social classd (%) | |||||||
| I | 5.7 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 6.8 |
| II | 21.1 | 26.3 | 25.2 | 25.5 | 26.1 | 25.5 | 24.0 |
| III | 57.3 | 52.6 | 53.4 | 53.1 | 52.2 | 53.0 | 54.1 |
| IV | 12.0 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.8 |
| V | 3.9 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
Note: Standard deviations are given in parentheses. Lifetime unemployment refers to unemployment from age 16 through age 38.
The table shows the percentage of participants who were unemployed at each wave and the total number of months of unemployment for participants in the lifetime-unemployment sample. bUnstandardized self-control scores ranged from 1.44 to 47.0; higher scores indicate better self-control. cUnstandardized intelligence scores ranged from 23 to 125; higher scores indicate higher intelligence. dSocial class was derived from the father’s occupation: I = professional occupations, II = managerial or technical occupations, III = skilled workers, IV = semiskilled workers, and V = unskilled workers.