Table 2.

Regression Results From Study 1 (British Cohort Study): Predicting Probability of Unemployment at Each Assessment Wave and Duration of Lifetime Unemployment

Predictor	Probability of unemployment						Lifetime unemployment (n = 6,675)
	Age 21 (n = 759)	Age 26 (n = 4,339)	Age 30 (n = 5,377)	Age 34 (n = 4,700)	Age 38 (n = 4,405)	Age 42 (n = 4,824)
Self-control	−0.042** (0.012)	−0.012** (0.004)	−0.013** (0.003)	−0.002 (0.002)	−0.004 (0.002)	−0.006* (0.002)	−0.247** (0.055)
Intelligence	−0.003 (0.013)	−0.008* (0.004)	−0.007* (0.003)	−0.006* (0.002)	−0.007* (0.003)	−0.008** (0.003)	−0.200** (0.052)
Female gender	0.054* (0.023)	−0.033** (0.007)	−0.011* (0.005)	−0.005 (0.004)	−0.008 (0.005)	−0.013** (0.005)	−0.550** (0.099)
Social class
II	−0.110* (0.055)	−0.005 (0.014)	−0.001 (0.011)	−0.017 (0.010)	−0.004 (0.010)	−0.001 (0.009)	−0.055 (0.205)
III	−0.019 (0.056)	0.000 (0.014)	0.004 (0.010)	−0.008 (0.010)	0.001 (0.009)	0.008 (0.009)	0.141 (0.194)
IV	−0.017 (0.064)	−0.002 (0.016)	0.009 (0.012)	−0.003 (0.012)	0.009 (0.012)	0.001 (0.010)	0.229 (0.231)
V	0.071 (0.092)	0.026 (0.027)	0.016 (0.018)	0.010 (0.019)	−0.016 (0.011)	0.034 (0.020)	0.812* (0.326)

Note: Standard errors are given in parentheses. Lifetime unemployment refers to unemployment from age 16 through age 38. For the probability of unemployment, the table presents marginal effects coefficients from Probit regressions. For the duration of lifetime unemployment, the table presents coefficients from a negative binomial model that controlled for the number of months of employment data recorded. Self-control and intelligence were standardized. Social class was derived from the father’s occupation: I = professional occupations, II = managerial or technical occupations, III = skilled workers, IV = semiskilled workers, and V = unskilled workers. Social class I was the reference group.

^*p < .05. **p < .01.