Table 5.

Regression Results From Study 2 (National Child Development Study): The Effect of Childhood Self-Control on the Probability of Unemployment Before and After the 1980s Recession (597,858 Observations)

Self-control	1974–1979 (prerecession)	1980–1982 (postrecession)	Difference (postrecession – prerecession)	Difference in difference (relative to low self-control)
Low	0.061 (0.002)	0.092 (0.003)	0.031 (0.003)	—
Medium	0.050 (0.001)	0.072 (0.002)	0.022 (0.002)	0.009 (0.002)**
High	0.041 (0.002)	0.058 (0.002)	0.017 (0.003)	0.014 (0.003)**

Note: The table presents predicted probabilities calculated after a Probit regression, clustered by individual to account for nonindependence of repeated observations. Robust standard errors are given in parentheses. Gender, intelligence, social class, and a time trend were included in the analysis, but results for these predictors are not shown. Low self-control was defined as scoring 1 standard deviation below the mean on the standardized self-control measure, medium self-control was defined as scoring at the mean on this measure, and high self-control was defined as scoring at the maximum of 0.83 standard deviations above the mean.

^**p < .01.