Table 1.
Respondents’ socio–demographic characteristics and health conditions by distance quartile
| Characteristic | 1st quartile (n = 151 households) (n = 147 children) | 2nd quartile (n = 163 households) (n = 158 children) | 3rd quartile (n = 156 households) (n = 132 children) | 4th quartile (n = 130 households) (n = 122 children) | Total (n = 600 households) (n = 559 children) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maternal age, mean (SD) |
37.4 (11.7) |
33.8 (9.7) |
32.5 (8.9) |
32.6 (10.1) |
34.1 (10.3) |
<0.001 |
|
Married mother |
133/150 (88.7%) |
133/163 (81.6%) |
129/156 (82.7%) |
112/130 (86.2%) |
507/599 (84.6%) |
0.19 |
|
Refugee |
7/151 (4.6%) |
0/163 (0.0%) |
5/155 (3.2%) |
44/130 (33.9%) |
56/599 (9.4%) |
<0.001 |
|
Maternal education: |
||||||
| none |
66/151 (43.7%) |
48/161 (29.8%) |
48/153 (31.4%) |
49/129 (38.0%) |
211/594 (35.5%) |
<0.001 |
| primary |
72/151 (47.7%) |
79/161 (49.1%) |
76/153 (49.7%) |
74/129 (57.4%) |
301/594 (50.7%) |
|
| any secondary |
13/151 (8.6%) |
34/161 (21.1%) |
29/153 (19.0%) |
6/129 (4.7%) |
82/594 (13.8%) |
|
|
Child’s age: |
||||||
| <1 year |
26/147 (17.7%) |
23/158 (14.6%) |
32/132 (24.2%) |
25/122 (20.5%) |
106/559 (19.0%) |
0.15 |
| 1–5 years |
121/147 (82.3%) |
135/158 (85.4%) |
100/132 (75.8%) |
97/122 (79.5%) |
453/559 (81.0%) |
|
|
Child’s sex: |
||||||
| female |
63/147 (42.9%) |
86/157 (54.8%) |
58/132 (43.9%) |
67/122 (54.9%) |
274/558 (49.1%) |
0.04 |
| male |
84/147 (57.1%) |
71/157 (45.2%) |
74/132 (56.1%) |
55/122 (45.1%) |
284/558 (50.9%) |
|
|
Pregnant in last 5 years: |
108/151 (71.5%) |
120/163 (73.4%) |
109/156 (69.9%) |
96/130 (73.9%) |
433/600 (72.2%) |
0.79 |
| one or more ANC checkup |
96/103 (93.2%) |
99/120 (82.5%) |
81/103 (78.6%) |
43/96 (44.8%) |
319/422 (75.6%) |
<0.001 |
| four or more ANC checkups |
60/103 (58.3%) |
57/120 (47.5%) |
48/105 (45.7%) |
15/96 (15.6%) |
180/424 (42.5%) |
<0.001 |
| delivered at a facility* |
40/88 (45.5%) |
56/107 (52.3%) |
62/95 (65.3%) |
20/68 (29.4%) |
178/358 (49.7%) |
<0.001 |
| PNC from health worker* |
33/89 (37.1%) |
41/107 (38.3%) |
40/97 (41.2%) |
18/74 (24.3%) |
132/367 (36.0%) |
0.05 |
| full maternal cascade* |
26/90 (28.9%) |
29/109 (26.6%) |
23/99 (23.2%) |
5/76 (6.6%) |
83/374 (22.2%) |
<0.001 |
|
ARI symptoms: |
38/144 (26.4%) |
31/156 (19.9%) |
48/129 (37.2%) |
31/119 (26.1%) |
148/548 (27.0%) |
0.05 |
| sought care |
24/38 (63.2%) |
23/31 (74.2%) |
39/48 (81.3%) |
21/31 (67.7%) |
107/148 (72.3%) |
0.28 |
| –formal provider |
10/24 (41.7%) |
5/23 (21.7%) |
2/39 (5.1%) |
1/21 (4.8%) |
18/107 (16.8%) |
0.001 |
| –informal biomedical provider |
11/24 (45.8%) |
16/23 (70.0%) |
31/39 (79.5%) |
18/21 (85.7%) |
76/107 (71.0%) |
0.008 |
| –traditional provider |
5/24 (20.8%) |
3/23 (13.0%) |
5/39 (12.8%) |
9/21 (42.9%) |
22/107 (20.6%) |
0.03 |
|
Diarrhea symptoms: |
47/146 (32.2%) |
65/155 (41.9%) |
65/130 (50.0%) |
54/119 (45.4%) |
231/550 (42.0%) |
0.03 |
| sought care |
20/43 (46.5%) |
45/62 (72.6%) |
42/62 (67.7%) |
26/52 (50.0%) |
133/219 (60.7%) |
0.01 |
| –formal provider |
8/20 (40.0%) |
10/45 (22.2%) |
0/42 (0.0%) |
2/26 (7.7%) |
20/133 (15.0%) |
<0.001 |
| –informal biomedical provider |
13/20 (65.0%) |
31/45 (68.9%) |
37/42 (88.1%) |
18/26 (69.2%) |
99/133 (74.4%) |
0.12 |
| –traditional provider |
1/20 (5.0%) |
7/45 (15.6%) |
4/42 (9.5%) |
15/26 (57.7%) |
27/133 (20.3%) |
<0.001 |
|
Fever symptoms: |
108/146 (74.0%) |
116/155 (74.8%) |
101/130 (77.7%) |
89/119 (74.8%) |
414/550 (75.3%) |
0.92 |
| sought care from health facility |
46/108 (42.6%) |
28/116 (24.1%) |
14/101 (13.9%) |
8/89 (9.0%) |
96/414 (23.2%) |
<0.001 |
| One or more lifetime dewormings† | 95/114 (83.3%) | 106/130 (81.5%) | 78/95 (82.1%) | 47/90 (52.2%) | 326/429 (76.0%) | <0.001 |
ANC – antenatal care, PNC – postnatal care, ARI – acute respiratory infection
*Excludes all women whose pregnancies were not carried to full term.
†Excludes children under one year of age, who are not eligible for deworming.