Table 2.

Maternal health service utilization (full model)

	Antenatal clinic visit 1+		Antenatal clinic visit 4+		Facility–based delivery		Pnc from a formal health care worker		Full maternal cascade
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P
Distance quartile:
closest	Ref.	Ref.†	Ref.	Ref.†	Ref.	Ref.*	Ref.	Ref.*	Ref.	Ref. †
second	0.29 (0.13–0.67)	0.005	0.57 (0.32–1.00)	0.05	1.15 (0.72–1.84)	0.53	1.17 (0.73–1.87)	0.51	1.03 (0.62–1.70)	0.90
third	0.23 (0.08–0.66)	0.008	0.57 (0.30–1.08)	0.08	1.63 (0.89–3.00)	0.11	1.37 (0.72–2.58)	0.32	0.98 (0.47–2.06)	0.96
farthest	0.04 (0.02–0.09)	<0.001	0.13 (0.07–0.23)	<0.001	0.41 (0.22–0.76)	0.006	0.44 (0.24–0.80)	0.009	0.18 (0.08–0.40)	<0.001
Moto path	1.97 (0.99–3.91)	0.05	1.12 (0.70–1.79)	0.62	1.26 (0.74–2.15)	0.38	0.81 (0.50–1.30)	0.37	1.01 (0.61–1.67)	0.96
Gold mining village	0.67 (0.31–1.43)	0.31	0.87 (0.50–1.53)	0.63	1.26 (0.70–2.27)	0.44	0.88 (0.48–1.60)	0.66	0.62 (0.32–1.22)	0.16
Maternal age	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.09	1.02 (0.99–1.04)	0.16	0.98 (0.96–1.01)	0.12	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	0.86	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.99
Married mother	1.39 (0.73–2.64)	0.30	1.74 (0.94–3.21)	0.08	1.32 (0.75–2.33)	0.32	1.85 (1.07–3.21)	0.03	1.44 (0.76–2.71)	0.25
Refugee	2.63 (1.43–4.81)	0.003	1.15 (0.56–2.37)	0.69	1.83 (0.89–3.75)	0.10	2.07 (0.98–4.38)	0.06	1.39 (0.59–3.29)	0.44
Maternal education:
none	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
primary	2.06 (1.31–3.24)	0.003	1.89 (1.26–2.86)	0.003	1.20 (0.79–1.83)	0.37	1.20 (0.78–1.85)	0.40	1.03 (0.67–1.59)	0.89
any secondary	1.53 (0.74–3.16)	0.24	2.28 (1.17–4.44)	0.02	1.85 (0.92–3.72)	0.08	1.38 (0.70–2.74)	0.34	1.36 (0.68–2.72)	0.37

PNC – postnatal care

*P ≤ 0.05, †P ≤ 0.001, test for trend across distance quartiles.