Table 2.
Expected life status and financial outcomes when first-time low-income mothers receive Nurse-Family Partnership home visitation services and projected total outcome change due to 177,517 NFP enrollments in 1996-2013
| Outcome | Change [95% CI] | Total [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|
| Smoking During Pregnancy | 24% ([5% CI: 2%, 47%] reduction in tobacco smoked | 8,865 [558, 17,172] |
| Pregnancy Complications | 31% [16%, 47%] reduction in pregnancy-induced hypertension | 12,216 [6,211, 18,221] |
| Preterm First Births | 15%[-2%, 32%] reduction in births below 37 weeks gestation (25 fewer preterm births per 1,000 families served) | 3,732 [-545, 8,009] |
| Infant Deaths | 45% [31%, 63%] reduction in risk of infant death (2.8 fewer deaths per 1,000 families served) | 505 [323, 688] |
| Closely Spaced Second Births | 31% [17%, 45%] reduction in births within 2 years postpartum (73 [40, 107] fewer children per 1,000 families served within 2 years & lifetime) | 12,989 [7,069, 18,909] |
| Subsequent Abortions | 31% [3%, 38%] reduction in therapeutic abortions through 4 years post-partum | 4,724 [964, 8,484] |
| Subsequent Preterm Births | 35 [19, 51] fewer subsequent preterm births per 1,000 families served | 6,284 [3,437, 9,131] |
| Breastfeeding | 11% [4%, 19%] increase in mothers who breastfeed | 13,465 [4,250, 22,680] |
| Intimate Partner Violence | 16% [8%, 24%] reduction through age 4 | 36,418 [18,694, 54,141] |
| Childhood Injuries | 33% [22%, 43%] reduction in injuries treated in emergency departments, ages 0-2 | 15,732 [10,452, 21,012] |
| Child Maltreatment | 31% [17%, 45%] reduction in child maltreatment, ages 4-15 | 42,450 [22,696, 62,204] |
| Language Development | 39% [9%, 69%] reduction in language delay; 0.14 [.03, .25] fewer remedial services by age 6 | 28,180 [15,067, 41,294] |
| Youth Violent Crimes | 45% [30%, 60%] reduction in crimes, ages 11-19 | 89,612 [59,354, 119,870] |
| Youth Property & Public Order Crimes | 45% [30%, 60%] reduction in crimes, ages 11-19 | 593,611 [393,177, 794,045] |
| Youth Arrests | 45% [30%, 60%] reduction in arrests, ages 11-19 | 36,103 [23,913, 48,293] |
| Youth Substance Abuse | 53% [26%, 81%] reduction in alcohol, tobacco, & marijuana use, ages 12-15 | 41,296 [19,957, 62,635] |
| Immunizations | 13% [-3%, 29%] increase in full immunization at age 2 | 16,154 [7,807, 24,501] |
| TANF Payments | 6% [-2%, 13%] reduction through year 12 post-partum; no effect thereafter | $247 M [-92 M, 586 M] |
| Food Stamp Payments | 10% [3%, 16%] reduction through at least year 12 post-partum | $540 M [165 M, 916 M] |
| Person-months of Medicaid Coverage Needed | 8% [2%, 13%] reduction through year 18 post-partum due to reduced births and increased program graduation | 4.8 M [3.5 M, 6.1 M] |
| Costs if on Medicaid | 8.5% [4.5%, 12.5%] reduction through age 18 | $1,433 M [880 M, 1,986 M] |
| Total Medicaid Spending | Sum of monetized person-months of coverage needed plus costs if on Medicaid | $2,226 M [1,445 M, 3,007 M] |
| Subsidized Child Care | Caseload reduced by 3.6 children [1.9, 5.2] per 1,000 families served | 630 [343, 917] |
M = millions. Costs are in 2010 dollars.