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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Heart Fail. 2015 May 18;8(4):788–798. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001963

Figure 1.

Figure 1

db/db mice exhibit cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis associated with activation of TGF-β/Smad. A. db/db mice had significantly higher LV mass than corresponding lean WT animals. B. db/db and WT animals had comparable LVEDD between 1-2 months of age and exhibited only subtle increases in chamber dimensions at 4-6 months. C. LVEDD:LVmass ratio was markedly lower in db/db animals reflecting predominant hypertrophic remodeling. D. 6 month-old db/db hearts were fibrotic showing a marked increase in collagen content (measured with a hydroxyproline assay). E. There was a trend towards increased TGF-β1 mRNA expression in db/db hearts. F. Expression of p-Smad2 was increased in db/db myocardium (*p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. WT). (echocardiography WT n=25-73/group, db/db n=14-44/group; collagen n=8/group; mRNA n=15/group; western blotting n=8/group).