Table 3.

Factors Associated with NOAC Use (vs. Warfarin Use): Multivariable GEE Analysis

Variable	Odds Ratio	Lower Limit of 95% CI	Upper Limit of 95% CI	p-value
Age (per 10 year increase)	0.94	0.91	0.97	<0.001
Sex (female vs. male)	0.94	0.88	1.01	0.100
Race (white vs. other)	1.20	1.09	1.32	<0.001
Insurance status (vs. other)				<0.001
Medicaid	0.84	0.72	0.97
Medicare	0.91	0.84	0.99
No insurance	0.45	0.35	0.57
Medical history
Previous stroke/TIA	1.13	1.05	1.21	0.001
Carotid stenosis	1.20	1.03	1.40	0.020
Heart failure	0.93	0.84	1.02	0.120
Prosthetic heart valve	0.40	0.31	0.53	<0.001
Smoking	0.82	0.73	0.93	0.002
Anticoagulant therapy prior to admission	0.52	0.48	0.56	<0.001
Serum creatinine (per 1mg/dL unit increase)	0.75	0.69	0.81	<0.001
Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg unit increase)	1.02	1.00	1.03	0.010
Discharge medications
Aspirin	0.72	0.66	0.77	<0.001
Clopidogrel	0.70	0.60	0.82	<0.001
Discharge to home (vs. other)	1.43	1.31	1.56	<0.001
Ambulatory status (vs. ambulate independently)				<0.001
Unable to ambulate	0.58	0.51	0.67
Ambulate with assistance	0.87	0.80	0.95
Region (vs. Northeast)				0.001
Midwest	1.05	0.89	1.25
South	1.29	1.11	1.49
West	0.91	0.75	1.11
Number of beds (per 100 increase)	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.127
Rural vs. urban	0.75	0.55	1.04	0.080

CI indicates confidence interval; GEE, generalized estimating equations; All other abbreviations can be found in Tables 1 and 2; n=42,094