Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| High Adherence (n=5,278) |
Moderate Adherence (n=1,845) |
Low Adherence (n=302) |
p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years)† | 60 (53, 69) | 59 (51, 66) | 55 (49, 63) | <0.001 |
| Female | 27.9% | 26.7% | 25.2% | 0.40 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 89.5% | 89.1% | 86.8% | 0.26 |
| African American | 7.7% | 8.2% | 10.6% | 0.18 |
| Asian | 1.3% | 0.8% | 1.3% | 0.27 |
| American Indian/Alaskan | 0.7% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 0.82 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.77 |
| Hispanic | 2.6% | 3.0% | 4.0% | 0.27 |
| Employed (full/part) | 49.2% | 53.7% | 55.3% | 0.001 |
| Married | 66.7% | 62.6% | 56.6% | <0.0001 |
| High school graduate and beyond | 53.6% | 52.6% | 42.9% | 0.03 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Private | 66.90% | 66.4% | 59.3% | <0.02 |
| Medicare | 36.4% | 31.4% | 24.8% | <0.0001 |
| Medicaid | 5.0% | 6.2% | 8.3% | <.01 |
| Military | 3.2% | 2.1% | 3.3% | 0.04 |
| Indian health service | 0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.12 |
| State specific (non-Medicaid) | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 0.99 |
| Uninsured | 12.2% | 14.9% | 17.2% | 0.001 |
| Baseline clinical characteristics | ||||
| Diabetes | 24.5% | 26.6% | 31.8% | 0.006 |
| Hypertension | 67.9% | 64.7% | 66.9% | 0.03 |
| Dyslipidemia | 67.1% | 66.3% | 74.5% | 0.02 |
| Current smoker | 35.1% | 38.6% | 49.3% | <0.0001 |
| Prior MI | 17.5% | 20.5% | 30.8% | <0.0001 |
| Prior PCI | 19.5% | 22.2% | 39.4% | <0.0001 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 5.0% | 5.3% | 6.0% | 0.68 |
| Atrial fib/flutter | 4.6% | 4.3% | 4.6% | 0.87 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 6.2% | 6.1% | 5.6% | 0.93 |
| Prior heart failure | 5.2% | 5.9% | 8.0% | 0.10 |
| In-hospital features | ||||
| STEMI presentation | 52.3% | 50.8% | 51.0% | 0.49 |
| Cardiac arrest presentation | 3.3% | 2.3% | 2.7% | 0.08 |
| EQ-5D VAS score† | 75 (60, 85) | 75 (55, 85) | 70 (50, 84) | 0.0003 |
| PHQ2 depression score >3 | 6.4% | 8.9% | 12.3% | <0.0001 |
| Culprit previously treated | 6.3% | 7.9% | 16.2% | <0.0001 |
| Drug-eluting stent used during PCI | 71.3% | 70.6% | 69.2% | 0.68 |
| Health literacy‡ | ||||
| Need help reading hospital materials | 0.11 | |||
| Always | 14.8% | 15.1% | 13.5% | |
| Often | 5.3% | 4.1% | 4.1% | |
| Sometimes | 9.2% | 8.1% | 8.2% | |
| Occasionally | 12.3% | 10.1% | 16.5% | |
| Never | 58.3% | 62.7% | 57.7% | |
| Difficulty learning about my medical condition due to difficulty understanding written information? | 0.002 | |||
| Always | 2.2% | 3.5% | 4.8% | |
| Often | 2.2% | 2.2% | 4.8% | |
| Sometimes | 7.3% | 7.9% | 10.7% | |
| Occasionally | 10.2% | 13.5% | 14.9% | |
| Never | 78.1% | 73.0% | 64.9% | |
| Confident filling out health-related forms by myself? | 0.01 | |||
| Extremely | 61.3% | 57.3% | 50.3% | |
| Quite a bit | 19.1% | 20.3% | 25.4% | |
| Somewhat | 10.7% | 11.4% | 14.8% | |
| A little bit | 4.4% | 4.2% | 3.6% | |
| Not at all | 4.5% | 6.9% | 5.9% | |
*
Compared using Chi-square tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables.
†
Reported as median (25th and 75th percentiles).
‡
Health literacy questionnaire introduced in version 2 of the follow-up interview, data available for 54% of this analysis population.
EQ5D VAS indicates EuroQol-5D visual analogue scale; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PHQ2, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (depression); STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack