Table 4. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of the patients according to radiographic fusion or non-union.

Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation or the number of patients with percentage values.

BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension.

^§Disease category denotes spinal stenosis, spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis, and spondylolisthesis, which are separated by colons.