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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett. 2015 May 21;601:4–10. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.034

Figure 1. GEF/GAP complexes targeting single GTPases.

Figure 1

A. The Tiam1/BcrGEF/GAP complex regulates Rac1 activity.

B. Coupled GEF/GAP complexes tightly regulate Rho-GTPase activity by increasing the effective GTPase “off” rate and/or by reducing signal spread.

C. GEF/GAP complexes may toggle between associated and dissociated states to achieve the observed cellular patterns of GTPase activation.

D. Rho-family GEFs and GAPs are large, multidomain proteins that can scaffold functional protein complexes. Different GEF/GAP complexes could assemble different signaling modules, adding complexity and flexibility to Rho-GTPase signaling.