Figure 1.

The reward- and punishment-learning task (Bódi et al., 2009). (A) On each trial, a stimulus appears and the subject guesses whether this stimulus belongs to category “A” or category “B.” For two stimuli, correct responses are rewarded (B) but incorrect responses receive no feedback (C); and for the other two stimuli, incorrect responses are punished (D) but correct responses receive no feedback. In Experiment 1, reward-based and punishment-based trials were interleaved, as in the original Bódi et al. (2009) study; in Experiment 2, reward-based and punishment-based trials were presented in separate blocks.