Table 3. Degassing budgets of 39 km3 of Minoan magma and measures of the atmospheric impact.
Minoan eruption | Man-made compounds | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Late 1990s | Pre-industrial | |||||||||
S | F | Cl | Br | I | Cl | Br | Cl | Br | ||
Volatile yield estimates (Tg) | Min | 0.34 | 22.7 | 50.6 | 0.1 | 0.002 | ||||
Max | 35.9 | 23.8 | 675 | 1.5 | 0.069 | 1 | ||||
Global atmospheric mixing ratios of Cl (in ppbv) and Br (in pptv) | Min | 8 | 7.7 | |||||||
Max | 106 | 103 | 3.8 | 20 | 0.55 | 5 | ||||
EESC (ppt) | Min | 5600 | ||||||||
Max | 74689 |
Tg = Teragramme = 1012 g = 109 kg = 106 T = megatonne.
Cl and Br mixing ratios = number of moles of Cl and Br divided by the number of moles of air in the total
atmosphere (Na = 1.8*1020 moles of air) expressed as part per billion and part per trillion by volume of air
respectively.
EESC = Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine = [Cl] added to stratosphere + 60 × [Br] added to stratosphere, calculated.
assuming that 10% reach the stratosphere (with 2.7*1019 moles of air) for sake of comparison with ref. 43.