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. 2015 Jul 24;5:12341. doi: 10.1038/srep12341

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(a) A defect is created in a DWNT by annealing. (b) Sonicating the DWNT allows it to be unzipped, starting at the defect. (c) The DWNT is unzipped completely and (d) a flat, double-layered GNR (dGNR) is obtained. (e) Further sonication splits the dGNR into two individual sGNRs, and (f) the sGNRs can be separated by centrifugation. The sGNR obtained from the outer layer of the DWNT (red) is slightly wider than that obtained from the inner layer (blue), owing to the geometry of the DWNT.