Table 3.
Effect of nicotine on expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, PFC, and amygdala of F344 rats. Significant expression alterations were determined by comparing the F344 nicotine-treated group with the F344 saline-treated group (Student’s t-test with Bonferroni correction). Significance set as p < 0.05 and fold ratio >20 %
| Signaling Pathway | Gene Name | Molecular Function | F344_Saline (Mean ± S.E.M) | F344_Nicotine (Mean ± S.E.M) | Ratio (F344_Saline/F344_Nicotine) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hippocampus | ||||||
| Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent kinase signaling | Camk4 | Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity | 3.3E-02 ± 1.1E-03 | 5.2E-02 ± 9.4E-04 | 1.57 | 0.007 |
| Cacna1i | Voltage–gated calcium channel activity | 2.0E-03 ± 3.6E-04 | 2.9E-03 ± 1.1E-04 | 1.46 | 0.03 | |
| PLC/IP3-mediated calcium signaling | Plcb4 | Phospholipase C activity | 2.4E-02 ± 2.2E-04 | 1.5E-02 ± 2.2E-03 | 0.66 | 0.02 |
| Kinase signaling | Hras | GTPase activity | 8.7E-06 ± 2.2E-06 | 4.1E-06 ± 1.7E-05 | 0.47 | 0.04 |
| Prkacb | Protein kinase A activity | 1.9E-02 ± 1.3E-03 | 1.5E-02 ± 1.6E-03 | 0.82 | 0.02 | |
| Adcy1 | Adenylate cyclase activity | 3.3E-01 ± 2.1E-02 | 2.6E-01 ± 2.1E-02 | 0.78 | 0.006 | |
| Mapk1 | MAP kinase activity | 4.3E-01 ± 2.1E-02 | 5.4E-01 ± 4.3E-03 | 1.25 | 0.01 | |
| Raf1 | MAP kinase kinase activity | 2.0E-02 ± 7.0E-04 | 3.0E-02 ± 2.1E-03 | 1.52 | 0.01 | |
| Map2k2 | MAP kinase activity | 2.3E-03 ± 1.7E-04 | 4.0E-03 ± 2.4E-04 | 1.73 | 0.001 | |
| Immediate early response gene | Ntrk2 | Neurotrophin receptor activity | 2.0E-03 ± 3.0E-04 | 1.1E-03 ± 5.1E-05 | 0.53 | 0.04 |
| Egr1 | Transcription factor activity | 9.4E-02 ± 9.6E-03 | 5.3E-02 ± 5.7E-03 | 0.55 | 0.03 | |
| Jun-b | Transcription factor activity | 1.5E-02 ± 2.2E-03 | 9.0E-03 ± 1.3E-03 | 0.57 | 0.02 | |
| Arc | Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein | 1.2E-02 ± 2.0E-03 | 7.9E-03 ± 8.0E-04 | 0.63 | 0.03 | |
| Mmp9 | Metallopeptidase activity | 9.6E-05 ± 1.3E-05 | 1.8E-04 ± 3.5E-05 | 1.87 | 0.02 | |
| Prefrontal Cortex | ||||||
| Ionotropic glutamate receptor-mediated Ca+2 influx | Grin2c | Ionotropic glutamate receptor | 1.1E-02 ± 1.1E-03 | 8.5E-03 ± 5.2E-04 | 0.72 | 0.04 |
| Grin2d | Ionotropic glutamate receptor | 4.0E-03 ± 7.6E-05 | 3.0E-03 ± 1.0E-04 | 0.76 | 0.03 | |
| Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent kinase signaling | Camk2b | Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity | 1.7E-01 ± 1.0E-02 | 2.9E-01 ± 2.3E-03 | 1.67 | 0.004 |
| Cacna1g | Voltage–gated calcium channel activity | 2.6E-02 ± 2.4E-03 | 4.0E-02 ± 2.5E-03 | 1.56 | 0.004 | |
| Camk4 | Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity | 3.3E-02 ± 2.1E-03 | 5.3E-02 ± 3.3E-03 | 1.60 | 0.002 | |
| Calm2 | Calcium ion binding | 4.4E-01 ± 6.0E-02 | 7.8E-01 ± 3.9E-02 | 1.73 | 0.001 | |
| PLC/IP3-mediated calcium signaling | Itpr2 | Calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | 7.0E-03 ± 7.9E-04 | 4.6E-03 ± 3.3E-04 | 0.66 | 0.04 |
| Plcb3 | Phospholipase C activity | 3.0E-03 ± 2.4E-04 | 2.0E-03 ± 2.6E-04 | 0.68 | 0.03 | |
| Itpr1 | Calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | 7.0E-03 ± 7.9E-04 | 5.1E-01 ± 6.9E-04 | 0.73 | 0.01 | |
| Kinase signaling | Raf1 | MAP kinase kinase activity | 2.0E-02 ± 7.0E-04 | 1.4E-02 ± 1.8E-03 | 0.72 | 0.03 |
| Mapk3 | MAP kinase activity | 6.6E-02 ± 3.9E-03 | 4.9E-02 ± 1.1E-03 | 0.74 | 0.006 | |
| Prkacb | Protein kinase A activity | 1.9E-02 ± 1.3E-03 | 2.3E-02 ± 4.7E-03 | 1.15 | 0.01 | |
| Akt1 | Akt kinase activity | 4.2E-02 ± 2.6E-03 | 5.0E-02 ± 3.1E-03 | 1.26 | 0.02 | |
| Adcy8 | Adenylate cyclase activity | 3.9E-03 ± 4.2E-04 | 5.1E-03 ± 2.4E-04 | 1.31 | 0.02 | |
| Immediate early response gene | Synpo | Actin binding | 3.4E-02 ± 2.6E-03 | 4.4E-02 ± 2.8E-03 | 1.27 | 0.04 |
| Ngf | Growth factor activity | 1.5E-03 ± 1.6E-04 | 1.9E-03 ± 7.2E-05 | 1.29 | 0.03 | |
| Inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative signaling | Il-6 | Cytokine activity | 1.5E-4 ± 1.5E-05 | 7.0E-05 ± 7.8E-06 | 0.45 | 0.001 |
| Tnf | Cytokine activity | 4.2E-04 ± 1.1E-04 | 3.0E-04 ± 2.8E-05 | 0.70 | 0.04 | |
| Amygdala | ||||||
| Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent kinase signaling | Calm1 | Calcium ion binding | 1.2 ± 9.0E-02 | 9.2E-01 ± 7.8E-02 | 0.75 | 0.04 |
| Camk2g | Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity | 3.2E-2 ± 2.4E-03 | 2.5E-02 ± 1.6E-03 | 0.80 | 0.04 | |
| PLC/IP3-mediated calcium signaling | Itpr2 | Calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | 6.8E-03 ± 4.2E-04 | 5.5E-03 ± 1.0E-04 | 0.80 | 0.02 |
| Itpr3 | Calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | 3.6E-03 ± 3.4E-04 | 3.0E-03 ± 7.7E-05 | 0.82 | 0.03 | |
| Kinase signaling | Mapk1 | MAP kinase activity | 2.7E-01 ± 2.2E-02 | 1.5E-01 ± 2.0E-01 | 0.55 | 0.007 |
| Raf1 | MAP kinase kinase activity | 2.5E-02 ± 1.5E-03 | 1.8E-02 ± 2.0E-03 | 0.72 | 0.02 | |
| Immediate early response gene | Fos-b | Transcription factor activity | 1.0E-02 ± 3.2E-03 | 3.8E-03 ± 9.7E-04 | 0.38 | 0.03 |
| Junb | Transcription factor activity | 1.5E-02 ± 2.2E-0 | 8.0E-03 ± 1.4E-03 | 0.51 | 0.02 | |
| Egr1 | Transcription factor binding activity | 9.4E-02 ± 9.7E-03 | 5.8E-02 ± 3.8E-03 | 0.61 | 0.01 | |
| Ntrk2 | Neurotrophin receptor activity | 4.3E-03 ± 5.7E-04 | 2.6E-03 ± 1.9E-04 | 0.61 | 0.02 | |
| Bdnf | Growth factor activity | 9.2E-05 ± 5.3E-06 | 5.8E-05 ± 1.6E-05 | 0.63 | 0.03 | |
| Fos | Transcription factor activity | 3.0E-03 ± 5.0E-04 | 1.9E-03 ± 2.0E-04 | 0.63 | 0.04 |