Cerebral atrophy following survival from a single moderate to severe TBI. a | Brain of a 24-year-old patient who died within hours of being assaulted. The only macroscopic evidence of TBI is a superficial contusion in the right inferior temporal lobe (arrow), although grade 1 diffuse traumatic axonal injury was observed on histology. b | Brain of a 40-year-old patient who survived 4 years from injury and has a healed contusion in a similar location to that in part a (arrow). In comparison to the previous patient, however, there is notable gyral atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and thinning of the corpus callosum. Abbreviation: TBI, traumatic brain injury.