Figure 5. The functional relevance of non-synonymous and regulatory SNPs-carrying genes differentiating the accessions belonging to six wild Cicer species from accessions of cultivated C. arietinum kabuli (I) demonstrated by their non-synonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) substitution rates and time of divergence (million years ago/Mya).

 Functional annotation of non-synonymous and regulatory SNPs-carrying genes discriminated the wild species/accessions from kabuli (II) accessions. The differential expression profiles (preferential and tissue-specific expression) of non-synonymous and regulatory SNPs-carrying genes discriminated the wild accessions from kabuli (III) accessions assayed in diverse vegetative and reproductive tissues of ICC 4958 are represented through Hierarchical cluster display. The average log signal expression values of genes in various tissues are marked with a colour scale at the top. The low, medium and high level of gene expression are indicated with green, black and red colors, respectively. At the top and right side of expression map, the tissues and genes, respectively utilized for expression profiling are mentioned. Ca: C. arietinum, Cr: C. reticulatum, Ce: C. echinospermum, Cj: C. judaicum, Cb: C. bijugum, Cp: C. pinnatifidum and Cm: C. microphyllum.