Table 3.
Sleep results for simplified sleep restriction versus control at baseline and 6 months. Data presented as mean (SD)
| Intervention (Simplified sleep restriction) | Control | Difference between the groups,b,d (95% CI) P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Baseline scorean= 46 | 6-month scorean= 43 | Mean change (95% CI)b,c | Baseline scorean= 51 | 6-month scorean= 50 | Mean change (95% CI)b,c | ||
| Primary outcomes | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Sleep efficiency % (sleep diary) | 73.32 (11.80) | 80.46 (10.66)e | 6.72 (3.90 to 9.54) | 74.15 (11.05) | 78.24 (10.52)f | 4.28 (−6.70 to 1.86) | 2.44 (−0.96 to 5.84) 0.200 |
|
| |||||||
| Sleep efficiency % (actigraphy) | 82.68 (4.66) | 83.74 (4.94)g | 1.75 (0.42 to 3.09) | 82.37 (4.67) | 81.96 (5.38)f | −0.46 (−1.58 to 0.65) | 2.22 (0.65 to 3.79) 0.006 |
|
| |||||||
| Secondary outcomes | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | 5.17 (3.70) | 3.70 (2.93) | −1.62 (−2.72 to −0.53) | 6.45 (3.29) | 4.86 (3.28) | −1.55 (−2.50 to −0.61) | −0.07 (−1.40 to 1.27) 0.900 |
|
| |||||||
| Flinders Fatigue Scale | 12.74 (6.83) | 7.30 (5.49) | −5.39 (−7.16 to −3.63) | 12.53 (5.11) | 9.08 (4.96) | −3.12 (−4.65 to −1.59) | −2.27 (−4.42 to −0.13) 0.040 |
|
| |||||||
| Sleep onset latency, minutes | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 31.50 (23.00) | 22.77 (19.60) | −6.29 (−12.75 to 0.16) | 29.55 (22.48) | 25.21 (19.38)e | −2.84 (−8.38 to 2.70) | −3.45 (−11.23 to 4.32) 0.400 |
| Actigraphy | 16.10 (14.47) | 13.37(7.91)f | −5.08 (−9.90 to −0.26) | 14.66 (12.42) | 15.61 (12.74)e | 1.06 (−2.97 to 5.08) | −6.13 (−11.82 to −0.44) 0.040 |
|
| |||||||
| Wake after sleep onset, minutes | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 44.82 (28.92) | 29.47 (31.71) | −13.37 (−22.69 to −4.05) | 47.84 (30.14) | 40.02 (27.00)e | −7.61 (−15.60 to 0.39) | −5.76 (−17.00 to 5.47) 0.300 |
| Actigraphy | 47.59 (13.88) | 44.33 (15.44)f | −4.54 (−8.99 to −0.08) | 51.81(19.51) | 51.59 (17.50)e | −1.46 (−5.18 to 2.27) | −3.08 (−8.35 to 2.18) 0.200 |
|
| |||||||
| Total sleep time, minutes | |||||||
| Sleep diary | 369.59 (65.27) | 397.30 (63.29) | 23.71 (9.51 to 37.90) | 376.93 (61.08) | 398.17 (64.91)e | 18.99 (6.81 to 31.67) | 4.72 (−12.39 to 21.83) 0.600 |
| Actigraphy | 415.68 (34.17) | 407.20 (36.92)f | −7.00 (−15.94 to 1.95) | 418.36 (39.36) | 415.05 (38.45)e | −7.10 (−14.58 to 0.38) | 0.10 (−10.47 to 10.67) 0.990 |
Statistically significant results are in bold.
a
Observed (raw) data.
b
Multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and baseline insomnia severity (using Insomnia Severity Index score26).
c
Least square mean for change from baseline to 6-month score.
d
Least square mean difference for change from baseline to 6-month score between sleep restriction and control group.
e
n = 43.
f
n = 49.
g
n = 42.