Table 2.
Effect of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on Plasmodium berghei oocyst development in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes
| Group | Mouse IDa | Prevalence of infected mosquitoes (infected/total examined) | Oocyst density by mouse replicate (95% CI) | Oocyst density by treatment group (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ver-EtOH | 1 | 76.9 (20/26) | 27 (13–57) | 37 (26–53)* |
| 2 | 29.4 (5/17) | 12 (5–28) | ||
| 3 | 88.2 (30/34) | 56 (32–96) | ||
| Sol-EtOH | 4 | 100 (34/34) | 417 (297–585) | 374 (297–467) |
| 5 | 96.4 (27/28) | 439 (319–605) | ||
| 6 | 95.7 (22/23) | 260 (152–447) | ||
| Ver-H2O | 7 | 100 (20/20) | 72 (45–103) | 123 (83–149)* |
| 8 | 100 (20/20) | 151 (101–161) | ||
| 9 | 100 (20/20) | 143 (104–182) | ||
| Sol-H2O | 10 | 100 (20/20) | 272 (225–319) | 266 (200–300) |
| 11 | 100 (20/20) | 242 (186–298) | ||
| 12 | 100 (20/20) | 237 (190–284) |
The oocyst densities (geometric mean of oocysts/mosquito) were calculated on oocyst positive mosquitoes only.
Ver-EtOH ethanolic V. amygdalina leaf extract, Ver-H 2 O aqueous V. amygdalina leaf extract, Sol-EtOH and Sol-H2O are solvent controls for the ethanolic and aqueous extract, respectively.
* Oocyst density in extract treated groups significantly different with respect to the solvent controls; P < 0.05.
aEach number represents one gametocytaemic treatment or control mouse used for the infection of a separate batch of mosquitoes (100–150 females per mouse).