Table 3.
Impact of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts on the development of early sporogonic stages in vitro
| Test agents | Experimenta | Mean ESS counts (95% CI)b | Percentage inhibition of ESS (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ver-EtOH | 1 | 53 (46–60) | 81.3 (79.1–83.7) |
| 2 | 11 (3–19) | 96.2 (93.4–99.1) | |
| 3 | 18 (15–20) | 87.5 (85.8–89,14) | |
| 4 | 45 (41–50) | 88 (86.7–89.4) | |
| Sol-EtOH | 1 | 285 (239–332) | |
| 2 | 283 (261–306) | ||
| 3 | 141 (120–163) | ||
| 4 | 378 (310–446) | ||
| Ver-H2O | 5 | 51 (42–60) | 14 (5–23.1) |
| 6 | 23 (14–32) | 38.7 (14.2–63.3) | |
| Sol-H2O | 5 | 59 (51–68) | |
| 6 | 37 (32–42) |
Ver-EtOH and Ver-H2O were tested at 50 µg/mL.
Data are presented as mean early sporogonic stages (ESS) counts calculated from triplicate wells and percentages of ESS inhibition referred to solvent controls. Both parameters are presented with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Ver-EtOH ethanolic V. amygdalina leaf extract, Ver-H 2 O aqueous V. amygdalina leaf extract, Sol-EtOH (dimethyl sulfoxide at 0.2%) and Sol-H2O (phosphate buffered saline) are solvent controls for the ethanolic and aqueous extract, respectively.
aEach number represents one experiment conducted with gametocytaemic blood from a different mouse.
bMean ESS counts are rounded to the nearest whole numbers.