Table 3.
Number (n), prevalence (%) and associations (odds ratios) of poor self-perceived and poor mental health according to non-agricultural employment profiles by sex in Central America, 2011
| Poor self-perceived health | Poor mental health | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | n | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | |
| Women | ||||||||
| Employees | ||||||||
| Social security coverage | ||||||||
| Written contract | 250 | 25.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 212 | 22.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Oral or no contract | 37 | 22.2 | 0.84 (0.56; 1.24) | 1.06 (0.68; 1.63) | 51 | 35.7 | 1.86 (1.28; 2.71)** | 1.68 (1.12; 2.53)* |
| No social security coverage | ||||||||
| Written contract | 37 | 20.2 | 0.74 (0.50; 1.09) | 0.76 (0.50; 1.14) | 44 | 25.6 | 1.16 (0.80; 1.69) | 1.08 (0.73; 1.60) |
| Oral or no contract | 162 | 31.5 | 1.35 (1.07; 1.70)* | 1.44 (1.08; 1.91)* | 154 | 32.0 | 1.59 (1.24; 2.03)*** | 1.31 (0.99; 1.74)b |
| Self-employed | ||||||||
| Social security coverage | 32 | 36.0 | 1.62 (1.02; 2.56)* | 1.39 (0.82; 2.37) | 25 | 29.4 | 1.39 (0.85; 2.27) | 1.15 (0.67; 1.96) |
| No social security coverage | 571 | 38.9 | 1.87 (1.57; 2.23)*** | 1.53 (1.19; 1.97)*** | 463 | 33.7 | 1.71 (1.42; 2.07)*** | 1.34 (1.03; 1.73)* |
| Employers with fewer than 5 employees | ||||||||
| Social security coverage | 11 | 20.8 | 0.73 (0.37; 1.45) | 0.55 (0.26; 1.17) | 7 | 13.2 | 0.49 (0.22; 1.12) | 0.44 (0.19; 1.02)a |
| No social security coverage | 327 | 43.0 | 2.21 (1.81; 2.71)** | 1.70 (1.30; 2.23)*** | 208 | 29.3 | 1.40 (1.12; 1.75)** | 1.17 (0.88; 1.56) |
| Total | 1,427 | 33.8 | 1,164 | 29.5 | ||||
| Men | ||||||||
| Employees | ||||||||
| Social security coverage | ||||||||
| Written contract | 192 | 17.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 204 | 19.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Oral or no contract | 40 | 20.4 | 1.22 (0.83; 1.78) | 1.08 (0.72; 1.62) | 53 | 29.6 | 1.77(1.24; 2.53)** | 1.70 (1.16; 2.48)** |
| No social security coverage | ||||||||
| Written contract | 51 | 27.0 | 1.76 (1.23; 2.51)** | 1.49 (1.03; 2.17)* | 54 | 32.1 | 1.97 (1.38; 2.82)*** | 1.90 (1.30; 2.78)** |
| Oral or no contract | 172 | 25.9 | 1.64 (1.30; 2.07)*** | 1.22 (0.94; 1.59) | 166 | 27.7 | 1.61 (1.27; 2.04)*** | 1.26 (0.97; 1.65) |
| Self-employed | ||||||||
| Social security coverage | 27 | 23.3 | 1.42 (0.90; 2.24) | 1.09 (0.66; 1.79) | 34 | 31.8 | 1.96 (1.27; 3.02)** | 1.87 (1.16; 3.01)* |
| No social security coverage | 420 | 33.6 | 2.37 (1.95; 2.89)*** | 1.48 (1.17; 1.87)*** | 341 | 28.6 | 1.68 (1.38; 2.05)*** | 1.17 (0.92; 1.49) |
| Employers with fewer than 5 employees | ||||||||
| Social security coverage | 19 | 24.1 | 1.46 (0.85; 2.51) | 1.14 (0.64; 2.03) | 13 | 18.1 | 0.93 (0.50; 1.72) | 0.96 (0.50; 1.86) |
| No social security coverage | 272 | 31.6 | 2.17 (1.75; 2.68)*** | 1.42 (1.11; 1.81)** | 231 | 28.0 | 1.63 (1.32; 2.03)*** | 1.31 (1.02; 1.69)* |
| Total | 1,193 | 26.8 | 1,096 | 26.1 | ||||
OR odds ratio; 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval, aOR adjusted odds ratio for age, country, and occupation
*p-value < 0.05 **p-value < 0.01 ***p-value < 0.001
a p-value < 0.06 b p-value < 0.08