Figure 2.

Nasally administered G9.1 stimulates mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice. The administration of diphtheria toxoid (DT) and G9.1 induced secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody (Ab) production in the mucosa, in conjunction with the increase of BAFF (B cell activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family) production in splenocytes (A). IgG1 and IgG2a/c Abs were also detected in serum samples, but the latter was detected only with G9.1 and not with rCTB (B). The effect of G9.1 was pDC-dependent (C). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 in analysis of variance or t tests; n = 5 in (A) and (B) and n = 4 in (C). Reproduced with permission from Maeyama et al.²⁶