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. 2015 Jul 20;10:4593–4603. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S83788

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© 2015 Guo et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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The adhesion, viability, differentiation and calcification of osteoblasts culturing on Ti and USP-Ti.

Notes: Osteoblast adhesion measured by cell counting at 4 hours (A); cell viability of MG63 cells after 1, 4, 8, or 16 days of culture (B); ALP activity (normalized to total protein amounts) at 4, 8, and 16 days (C); and calcium deposition after culture for 8 and 16 days on Ti and USP-Ti surfaces (D). Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P<0.05 compared with Ti.

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; USP-Ti, Ti surface subjected to USP; USP, ultrasonic shot peening; SD, standard deviation; Ti, titanium.