Figure 3.
Virus titers in the upper (nasal turbinates, A) and lower (lungs, B) respiratory tract after challenge with the A/Indonesia/05/2005 (H5N1) virus. Groups of 16 mice were immunized twice (21 day interval) intranasally with plant derived vaccine at 15, 5 or 1.5 μg HA in combination with 5 μg c-di-GMP or with 5 μg c-di-GMP/PBS (control). Mice were challenged by intranasal administration of highly pathogenic avian Influenza A/Indonesia/05/2005 (H5N1) on day 42. Groups of 3 mice were euthanized at days 3 (Day 45) and 5 (Day 47) post-challenge to examine for the presence of virus in the upper (nasal turbinates, A) and lower (lungs, B) respiratory tract. The limit of detection was 102.5 TCID50/mL for nasal turbinates and 101.5 TCID50/mL for lung tissue.