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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Nephrol. 2015 Jun 20;41(0):392–399. doi: 10.1159/000433568

Figure 2. Late effects of brodifacoum (BDF) on the renal function and coagulation.

Figure 2

The following number of animals was treated with BDF: 0.4 mg/kg n=19; 1.0 mg/kg n=10.

A – Prothrombin time (PT) was measured daily after a single BDF administration via oral gavage. Changes in PT are depicted as surrogate INR (sINR) as compared to control non-treated rats.

B – Treatment with BDF resulted in hematuria as detected by DiaScreen reagent strip (dipstick). Urinalysis was performed daily after BDF treatment.

C – Light microscopy of the urine sediment (left) and a kidney section (right). Urinalysis showed red blood cells (arrowhead) and acanthocytes (arrow) in the urine. A representative photograph of the urine from a rat treated with 0.4 mg/kg BDF at day 3 after the treatment. Histologically, there was a single red blood cell cast seen in distal tubule in animals treated with 1.0 mg/kd BDF. Note mild acute tubular injury with vacuolization of tubular epithelial cells (Hematoxylin and Eosin). Magnification 600×.

D – Serum creatinine was measured daily after BDF administration in the tail vein (up to day 3) and in the postmortem blood (days 4 and 5) after BDF treatment.