Table 1.
Demographic and behavioural characteristics of NHW and MA women aged 15–44 years by race/ethnicity and acculturation factors, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2010*, †
| Women 15–44 years | MA | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language spoken | Country of origin | Time in the United States | |||||||
| NHW | MA | Primarily Spanish | Equal English/Spanish | Primarily English | Mexico | United States | <15 years | ≥15 years | |
| Total | |||||||||
| n | 3080 | 1905 | 875 | 362 | 667 | 907 | 991 | 603 | 1269 |
| Total | 86.7 (84.3, 88.8) | 13.3 (11.2, 15.7) | 50.9 (47.0, 54.8) | 15.9 (13.7, 18.3) | 33.2 (29.9, 36.7) | 53.2 (48.6, 57.7) | 46.8 (42.4, 51.4) | 35.1 (30.9, 39.6) | 64.9 (60.4, 69.1) |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| n | 3080 | 1905 | 875 | 362 | 667 | 907 | 991 | 603 | 1269 |
| 15–24 | 31.8 (29.9, 33.8) | 36.0 (33.8, 38.2) ‡ | 28.3 (25.5, 31.3) ‡ , § | 48.9 (42.1, 55.8) ‡ | 41.5 (37.9, 45.2) ‡ | 25.7 (23.0, 28.7) ‡ , § | 47.6 (44.0, 51.2) ‡ | 32.8 (29.0, 26.8) ‡ , § | 37.8 (34.9, 40.9) ‡ |
| 25–34 | 30.2 (28.3, 32.2) | 33.0 (30.3, 35.9) | 35.1 (31.1, 39.5) | 31.2 (24.3, 39.0) | 30.7 (25.7, 36.2) | 36.0 (32.1, 40.1) | 29.8 (25.7, 34.4) | 40.0 (34.8, 45.4) | 29.0 (25.8, 32.7) |
| 35–44 | 38.0 (35.9, 40.1) | 31.0 (28.1, 34.0) | 36.6 (32.7, 40.6) | 20.0 (15.1, 25.9) | 27.8 (23.5, 32.5) | 38.3 (34.3, 42.4) | 22.6 (19.3, 26.3) | 27.2 (22.7, 32.3) | 33.0 (29.4, 36.9) |
| Education level | |||||||||
| n | 3078 | 1903 | 874 | 361 | 667 | 906 | 990 | 603 | 1267 |
| <High school | 20.7 (19.1, 22.3) | 51.7 (48.1, 55.2) ‡ | 66.8 (62.7, 70.7) ‡ , § | 43.5 (37.2, 50.1) ‡ , § | 32.4 (28.1, 37.1) ‡ | 65.0 (61.0, 68.9) ‡ , § | 36.6 (32.9, 40.4) ‡ | 67.7 (62.7, 72.3) ‡ , § | 42.5 (38.7, 46.4) ‡ |
| High school graduate/GED | 21.1 (19.4, 22.9) | 19.8 (17.7, 22.0) | 16.0 (13.3, 19.1) | 24.2 (18.8, 30.7) | 23.4 (20.1, 27.0) | 17.5 (14.6, 20.9) | 22.5 (19.6, 25.7) | 16.9 (13.6, 20.8) | 21.4 (18.9, 24.1) |
| ≥College | 58.3 (55.8, 60.7) | 28.6 (25.4, 31.9) | 17.2 (14.1, 20.8) | 32.2 (25.6, 39.7) | 44.2 (39.6, 49.0) | 17.5 (14.6, 20.9) | 40.9 (36.9, 45.1) | 15.4 (12.0, 19.7) | 36.1 (32.5, 39.9) |
| Poverty income ratio | |||||||||
| n | 2950 | 1743 | 780 | 324 | 638 | 811 | 925 | 548 | 1178 |
| <Poverty threshold | 14.6 (12.7, 16.7) | 35.0 (31.7, 38.4) ‡ | 45.0 (40.2, 49.8) ‡ , § | 31.3 (25.3, 38.0) ‡ , § | 22.5 (18.3, 27.4) ‡ | 43.4 (38.8, 48.2) ‡ , § | 25.5 (21.4, 30.1) ‡ | 48.9 (43.1, 54.7) ‡ , § | 27.4 (23.8, 31.3) ‡ |
| ≥Poverty threshold | 85.4 (83.3, 87.3) | 65.0 (61.6, 68.3) | 55.1 (50.2, 59.8) | 68.7 (62.0, 74.8) | 77.5 (72.6, 81.7) | 56.6 (51.8, 61.2) | 74.5 (69.9, 78.6) | 51.1 (45.3, 56.9) | 72.4 (68.7, 76.2) |
| Folic acid‐containing supplement use (%) | |||||||||
| n | 3079 | 1904 | 874 | 362 | 667 | 906 | 991 | 602 | 1269 |
| User | 36.5 (34.1, 38.9) | 17.6 (15.8, 19.5) ‡ | 14.4 (11.9, 17.4) ‡ , § | 14.2 (10.1, 19.7) ‡ , § | 24.0 (20.6, 27.8) ‡ | 15.0 (12.7, 17.7) ‡ , § | 20.6 (18.1, 23.4) ‡ | 14.4 (11.8, 17.4) ‡ , § | 19.4 (16.9, 22.1) ‡ |
| Mean FA intake (μg d−1) | 381.2 (360.2, 402.3) | 368.2 (321.7, 414.8) | 389.6 (315.4, 463.8) | 289.0 (191.0, 386.9) ‡ | 369.9 (310.9, 428.9) | 381.8 (317.7, 445.8) | 356.6 (304.6, 408.7) | 379.8 (296.0, 463.6) | 357.2 (310.6, 403.9) |
FA, folic acid; GED, General Educational Development; MA, Mexican American; NHW, non‐Hispanic white. *Values are % (95% confidence intervals). † N values might not add up because of missing data (education, n = 4; poverty income ratio, n = 292; supplement use, n = 2; language, n = 1; country of origin, n = 7; time in the United States, n = 33). ‡Different from NHW, P < 0.05 (Rao‐Scott modified chi‐square test for age, education, poverty, and supplement use). §Different from most acculturated within acculturation factor, P < 0.05 (Rao‐Scott modified chi‐square test for age, education, poverty, and supplement use).