Table 1. Tick population, host species, and PCR detection rates of the rickettsial genes.
| PCR-positive rate (%) (No. of positive/No. of tested) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country of origin | Host species* | Tick species | Stage** | Rickettsia 17-kDa | Rickettsia gltA | Rickettsia ompA | Ehrlichia omp-1 | Ehrlichia groEL | Anaplasma p44 |
| Africa | |||||||||
| Ghana | Python regius (1) | Amblyomma latum | M | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) |
| F | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | |||
| Amblyomma transversale | M | 83.3 (5/6) | 50.0 (3/6) | 0.0 (0/6) | 0.0 (0/6) | 0.0 (0/6) | 0.0 (0/6) | ||
| F | 90.9 (10/11) | 90.9 (10/11) | 0.0 (0/11) | 0.0 (0/11) | 0.0 (0/11) | 0.0 (0/11) | |||
| Madagascar | Phelsuma dubia (1) | Amblyomma latum | M | 100.0 (1/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 100.0 (1/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) |
| Sudan | Geochelone paradalis (U) | Amblyomma sparsum | M | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) |
| Tanzania | Varanus exanthematicus (1) | Amblyomma exornatum | U | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) |
| M | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | |||
| F | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 100.0 (1/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | |||
| Togo | Python regius (U) | Amblyomma latum | M | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) |
| Zambia | Geochelone paradalis (9) | Amblyomma sparsum | M | 70.0 (7/10) | 70.0 (7/10) | 70.0 (7/10) | 0.0 (0/10) | 20.0 (2/10) | 0.0 (0/10) |
| N | 37.5 (3/8) | 37.5 (3/8) | 25.0 (2/8) | 25.0 (2/8) | 25.0 (2/8) | 0.0 (0/8) | |||
| Central and South America | |||||||||
| Panama | Bufo marinus (1) | Amblyomma rotundatum | F | 100.0 (2/2) | 100.0 (2/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) |
| Suriname | Iguana iguana (3) | Amblyomma dissimile | F | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) | 0.0 (0/3) |
| Near and Middle East | |||||||||
| Jordan | Geochelone elegans (U) | Amblyomma clypeolatum | M | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) |
| N | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (1/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | |||
| Testudo graeca (5) | Hyalomma aegyptium | M | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | |
| F | 50.0 (1/2) | 50.0 1/2) | 50.0 (1/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 50.0 (1/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | |||
| N | 0.0 (0/9) | 0.0 (0/9) | 0.0 (0/9) | 0.0 (0/9) | 11.1 (1/9) | 0.0 (0/9) | |||
| Central Asia | |||||||||
| Russia | Testudo horsfieldii (1) | Hyalomma aegyptium | F | 100.0 (2/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) |
| Uzbekistan | Testudo horsfieldii (2) | Hyalomma aegyptium | M | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (1/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) |
| F | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (1/1) | 100.0 (1/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | 0.0 (0/1) | |||
| South Asia | |||||||||
| Sri Lanka | Boiga forsteni (U) | Amblyomma trimaculatum | M | 0.0 (0/5) | 0.0 (0/5) | 0.0 (0/5) | 0.0 (0/5) | 0.0 (0/5) | 0.0 (0/5) |
| F | 57.1 (8/14) | 57.1 (8/14) | 57.1 (8/14) | 0.0 (0/14) | 0.0 (0/14) | 0.0 (0/14) | |||
| N | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | 0.0 (0/2) | |||
| Total | 45.2 (42/93) | 40.9 (38/93) | 23.7 (22/93) | 2.2 (2/93) | 7.5 (7/93) | 0.0 (0/93) | |||
*Number of animal in parenthesis, U: unknown.
**M: male, F: female, N: nymph, U: unknown.