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| Groups | n | Cesarean n (%) | Spontaneous labor n (%) | Forceps delivery n (%) | Fetal macrosomia n (%) | Postpartum hemorrhage n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constipation | 221 | 148* (66.97) | 67* (30.32) | 6 (2.71) | 16 (7.24) | 8 (3.62) |
| Non-constipation | 1477 | 403 (27.29) | 1018 (68.92) | 56 (3.79) | 83 (5.6) | 56 (3.79) |
*Compared with the non-constipation group, χ2 = 138.24, P < 0.05.
