Table 3. Characteristics of profiles in hardcore smokers and non-hardcore smokers.
| Hardcore smokers (N = 510) | Non-hardcore smokers (N = 338) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Receptive (n = 186) | Ambivalent (n = 300) | Resistant (n = 24) | Receptive (n = 101) | Ambivalent (n = 184) | Disengaged (n = 53) | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Female, N (%) | 53.8 a | 48.0 a | 54.2 a | 59.4 a | 53.8 a | 58.5 a |
| Age (SD) | 52.3 (7.3) a | 52.9 (7.2) a | 54.3 (6.5) a | 51.3 (6.9) a | 51.2 (8.1) a | 53.9 (7.6) a |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||
| Low (%) | 51.6 a | 59.7 a | 54.2 a | 59.4 a | 53.3 a | 50.9 a |
| High (%) | 48.4 a | 40.3 a | 45.8 a | 40.6 a | 46.7 a | 49.1 a |
| Smoking history | ||||||
| Age of smoking onset (SD) | 16.3 (4.1) a | 16.3 (5.6) a | 16.2 (11.0) a | 16.2 (3.8) a | 17.7 (5.4) b | 17.3 (4.9) ab |
| Years smoked in life (SD) | 34.9 (8.5) a | 35.5 (8.2) a | 37.0 (9.8) a | 31.4 (9.1) a | 30.9 (10.4) a | 31.8 (11.3) a |
| Nicotine dependence | ||||||
| FTND (SD) | 5.54 (1.81) a | 5.09 (1.77) b | 5.54 (2.02) ab | 3.98 (2.37) a | 3.02 (2.23) b | 1.85(2.14) c |
| Cigarettes per day (SD) | 22.0 (6.6) a | 20.8 (6.6) a | 19.9 (6.4) a | 13.3 (11.0) a | 11.1 (7.2) b | 7.1 (4.4) c |
| Intention to quit (%) | ||||||
| Within 1 year | 21.5 a | 6.3 b | 0 b | 38.6 a | 19.0 b | 9.4 c |
| Within 5 years | 25.8 a | 14.0 b | 8.3 b | 19.8 a | 11.4 b | 5.7 c |
| Not quitting, but smoking less | 31.2 a | 34.0 b | 20.8 b | 28.7 a | 38.6 b | 32.1 c |
| Not quitting, not smoking less | 21.5 a | 45.7 b | 70.8 b | 12.9 a | 31.0 b | 52.8 c |
| Smoking-related beliefs | ||||||
| Quitting self-efficacy (SD) | 3.85 (1.07) a | 3.80 (1.06) a | 3.63 (1.65) a | 4.06 (.91) a | 4.16 (.85) a | 4.78 (1.27) b |
| Pros of smoking (SD) | 3.09 (.57) a | 3.75 (.58) b | 4.41 (.77) c | 3.12 (.73) a | 3.44 (.64) b | 3.37 (.87) b |
| Cons of smoking (SD) | 5.16 (.45) a | 4.20 (.45) b | 2.70 (.42) c | 5.25 (.44) a | 4.24 (.42) b | 3.04 (.45) c |
| Pros of quitting (SD) | 5.25 (.58) a | 4.26 (.58) b | 2.74 (.64) c | 5.49 (.47) a | 4.36 (.43) b | 3.23 (.50) c |
| Cons of quitting (SD) | 3.29 (.61) a | 3.71 (.62) b | 3.62 (1.03) b | 3.23 (.72) a | 3.47 (.62) b | 3.07 (.87) a |
Note: Profiles were based on pros and cons scales. If profiles within a sample share a superscript character, they are not significantly different from each other (p < .05).