Table 2. Significantly enriched pathways identified by sub-SPIA and SPIA from lung cancer dataset.

No	Pathway	Sub-SPIA	SPIA	Clipper	Kclique	Pathiways	DEGraph	Ref
1	ECM-receptor interaction	3.17E-05	7.60E-05	Yes
2	Cell cycle	3.17E-05	0.0652	Yes	Yes			[83]
3	Focal adhesion	3.17E-05	0.0109					[51, 52]
4	Tuberculosis	0.0002	0.8017				Yes	[65]
5	NF-kappa B signaling pathway	0.0008	0.2694	Yes				[62, 84]
6	p53 signaling pathway	0.0010	0.3529	Yes				[85, 86]
7	Melanogenesis	0.0010	0.580	Yes
8	PPAR signaling pathway	0.0010	0.5399	Yes			Yes
9	MAPK signaling pathway	0.0016	0.1993				Yes	[54]
10	Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis	0.0016	0.0595	Yes			Yes
11	Regulation of actin cytoskeleton	0.0019	0.0581					[53]
12	Pathways in cancer	0.0020	0.0581
13	Fanconi anemia pathway	0.0023	0.0651					[63]
14	Wnt signaling pathway	0.0025	0.0581	Yes				[55]
15	Amphetamine addiction	0.0046	0.8161	Yes			Yes
16	Vascular smooth muscle contraction	0.0057	0.0652	Yes				[87]
17	Salmonella infection	0.0068	0.1034	Yes	Yes		Yes	[88]
18	Complement and coagulation cascades	0.0068	0.4547	Yes
19	Staphylococcus aureus infection	0.0088	0.3529	Yes
20	Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum	0.1649	7.60E-05		Yes
21	RNA transport	0.2624	0.0006
22	Epstein-Barr virus infection	0.4085	0.0053	Yes			Yes	[69]
23	Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells	0.0797	0.0087	Yes	Yes