Table 2. Changes in vascular measurements after beer, dealcoholized beer and vodka consumption from fasting (0 h) at 1h and 2 h.

	Beer		Dealc beer		Vodka		Meal effect*	Time effect**	Meal × time effect*
	Mean	95% CI	Mean	95% CI	Mean	95% CI
PWV (m/s)
Fasting (0 h)	5.7	5.3, 6.0	5.8	5.4, 6.1	5.7	5.3, 6.1
Δ (1 h – 0 h)	-0.4	-0.6, -0.3	-0.2	-0.4, -0.1	-0.4	-0.6, -0.2	NS	P < 0.001***	NS
Δ (2 h - 0 h)	-0.5	-0.7, -0.4	-0.3	-0.4, -0.1	-0.5	-0.7, -0.3
AIx (%)a
Fasting (0 h)	-2.4	-6.8, 2.1	-5.1	-8.6, -1.6	-4.8	-9.7, 0.1
Δ (1 h – 0 h)	-9.18	-12.3, -6.1	-3.8	-7.6, 0.1	-8.4	-11.3, -5.4	P = 0.011	P < 0.001	NS
Δ (2 h - 0 h)	-8.94	-13.0, -4.9	-1.7	-4.9, 1.4	-8.7	-13.2, -4.3
Baseline diameter (mm)a,b
Fasting (0 h)	3.9	3.7, 4.2	3.9	3.7, 4.2	3.9	3.6, 4.2
Δ (1 h – 0 h)	0.3	0.2, 0.4	0.1	-0.0, 0.1	0.3	02, 0.5	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P = 0.02
Δ (2 h - 0 h)	0.3	0.1, 0.4	0.0	-0.0, 0.1	0.4	0.3, 0.5†
FMD (%)c
Fasting (0 h)	2.5	1.4, 3.5	4.7	3.0, 6.3	3.9	2.8, 5.1
Δ (1 h – 0 h)	1.7	0.3, 3.0	-1.3	-3.3, 0.8	0.1	-1.5, 1.8	P = 0.044	NS	NS
Δ (2 h - 0 h)	1.0	-0.4, 2.4	-0.7	-2.5, 1.1	0.2	-0.7, 1.1

PWV_: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; NS: non-significant; AIx: augmentation index; FMD: flow-mediated dilatation.

^*Repeated measures ANOVA of the changes at 1 h and 2 h from fasting (0 h).

^**Repeated measures ANOVA of the absolute values at 0 h, 1 h and 2 h (for time changes).

^***the time effect remained significant after adjustment for MBP

^a,b,cBonferroni's correction applied when meal effect was significant:

^abeer v. dealc.beer, P < 0.025;

^bvodka v. dealc.Beer, P < 0.001;

^cno pairwise comparisons reached significance for FMD.

^†,‡Bonferroni's correction applied when meal × time effect was significant:

^†v. dealc.beer, P< 0.05;

^‡v. beer, P< 0.05.