Table 1.
Estimated Proportion with Bachelor’s degree or higher | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
No/Less Use | More Use | z | p | |
|
||||
Non-Users vs Infrequent Users (n=4,466) | ||||
Logistic regressions | ||||
No Controls | 0.386 | 0.421 | −1.38 | 0.168 |
With age 18 risk factor controlsa | 0.308 | 0.332 | −0.75 | 0.456 |
With age 18 risk factor + SUb controls | 0.303 | 0.337 | −1.01 | 0.312 |
Propensity models | ||||
Matched on age 18 risk factors | 0.493 | 0.450 | −1.37 | 0.170 |
Matched on age 18 risk factors + SU | 0.425 | 0.450 | 0.87 | 0.386 |
Non-Users vs Frequent Users (n=4,452) | ||||
Logistic regressions | ||||
No Controls | 0.386 | 0.295 | 3.36 | 0.001 |
With age 18 risk factor controls | 0.300 | 0.218 | 2.76 | 0.006 |
With age 18 risk factor + SUa controls | 0.293 | 0.242 | 1.24 | 0.214 |
Propensity models | ||||
Matched on age 18 risk factors | 0.386 | 0.312 | −2.45 | 0.014 |
Matched on age 18 risk factors + SU | 0.349 | 0.312 | −0.92 | 0.357 |
Infrequent Users vs Frequent Users (n=932) | ||||
Logistic regressions | ||||
No Controls | 0.421 | 0.295 | 3.58 | 0.000 |
With age 18 risk factor controls | 0.323 | 0.235 | 2.28 | 0.023 |
With age 18 risk factor + SUa controls | 0.292 | 0.232 | 1.44 | 0.150 |
Propensity models | ||||
Matched on age 18 risk factors | 0.375 | 0.312 | −0.064 | 0.057 |
Matched on age 18 risk factors + SU | 0.303 | 0.312 | 0.009 | 0.820 |
Age 18 risk factor controls: gender, race/ethnicity, parent education, family structure, region of country, public high school, college prep curriculum, grade point average, academic ability, 4-yr college plans, other post-high-school training plans, hours worked for pay, evenings out, and truancy.
SU=Substance use: Age 18 30-day tobacco use, alcohol use and marijuana use.