Table 3.
Estimated Proportion with Bachelor’s degree or higher | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
No/Less Use | More Use | z | p | |
|
||||
Non-Users vs Infrequent Users (n=4,466) | ||||
Logistic regressions | ||||
No Controls | 0.529 | 0.533 | −0.17 | 0.868 |
With age 18 risk factor controls | 0.533 | 0.522 | 0.33 | 0.742 |
With age 18 risk factor + SUa controls | 0.531 | 0.532 | −0.04 | 0.967 |
Propensity models | ||||
Matched on age 18 risk factors | 0.649 | 0.552 | −3.17 | 0.002 |
Matched on age 18 risk factors + SU | 0.571 | 0.552 | −0.54 | 0.586 |
Non-Users vs Frequent Users (n=4,452) | ||||
Logistic regressions | ||||
No Controls | 0.529 | 0.426 | 3.63 | 0.000 |
With age 18 risk factor controls | 0.529 | 0.437 | 2.70 | 0.007 |
With age 18 risk factor + SUa controls | 0.526 | 0.461 | 1.50 | 0.135 |
Propensity models | ||||
Matched on age 18 risk factors | 0.514 | 0.447 | −2.01 | 0.045 |
Matched on age 18 risk factors + SU | 0.486 | 0.447 | −0.92 | 0.358 |
Infrequent Users vs Frequent Users (n=932) | ||||
Logistic regressions | ||||
No Controls | 0.533 | 0.426 | 2.87 | 0.004 |
With age 18 risk factor controls | 0.516 | 0.443 | 1.72 | 0.085 |
With age 18 risk factor + SUa controls | 0.496 | 0.440 | 1.18 | 0.237 |
Propensity models | ||||
Matched on age 18 risk factors | 0.466 | 0.447 | −0.50 | 0.620 |
Matched on age 18 risk factors + SU | 0.399 | 0.447 | 0.84 | 0.401 |
Age 18 risk factor controls: gender, race/ethnicity, parent education, family structure, region of country, public high school, college prep curriculum, grade point average, academic ability, 4-yr college plans, other post-high-school training plans, hours worked for pay, evenings out, and truancy.
SU=Substance use: Age 18 30-day tobacco use, alcohol use and marijuana use.