Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for AAH participants with no ADL difficulty or no ADL dependence
| No ADL difficulty at Baseline (N=703) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy (n=421) | Prefrail (n=263) | Frail (n=19) | P-Value* | |
| Age, y | 56.10 + 4.5 | 56.10 + 4.4 | 57.79 + 3.9 | .263 |
| Male | 46.1% | 29.7% | 21.1% | <.001 |
| Education, y | 12.93 + 3.0 | 12.34 + 2.9 | 12.00 + 2.4 | .024a |
| Marital Status | .029 | |||
| Married | 36.1% | 36.3% | 31.6% | |
| Divorced/Separated | 40.7% | 30.2% | 52.6% | |
| Widowed | 9.6% | 14.5% | 10.5% | |
| Single | 13.6% | 19.1% | 5.3% | |
| Self-Rated Health Fair or Poor | 18.8% | 43.0% | 84.2% | <.001 |
| Had any health Insurance | 85.0% | 83.2% | 78.9% | .667 |
| Ever Received Medicaid Insurance | 11.9% | 25.2% | 26.3% | <.001 |
| Income (below 20k) | 26.6% | 34.2% | 52.6% | .010 |
| MMSE | 28.30 + 2.4 | 27.81 + 2.7 | 27.53 + 2.8 | .031a |
| Animal Naming | 19.89 + 6.1 | 18.27 + 6.2 | 17.11 + 6.1 | .002a |
| BMI | 28.63 + 5.6 | 30.44 + 6.6 | 32.08 + 7.2 | <.001a,b |
| Smoking Status | .316 | |||
| Non-Smoker | 34.9% | 32.7% | 21.1% | |
| Past Smoker | 34.0% | 29.7% | 42.1% | |
| Current Smoker | 31.1% | 37.6% | 36.8% | |
| Falls Efficacy Scale | 98.72 + 5.2 | 95.97 + 8.3 | 92.95 + 7.6 | <.001a,b |
| No ADL Dependence at Baseline (N=883) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy (n=444) | Prefrail (n=373) | Frail (n=66) | P-Value* | |
| Age, y | 56.15 + 4.5 | 56.37 + 4.4 | 56.71 + 4.0 | .555 |
| Male | 46.2% | 30.3% | 27.3% | <.001 |
| Education, y | 12.89 + 3.0 | 12.29 + 2.9 | 11.15 + 2.8 | <.001a–c |
| Marital Status | .003 | |||
| Married | 37.0% | 32.2% | 22.7% | |
| Divorced/Separated | 39.5% | 31.9% | 47.0% | |
| Widowed | 10.4% | 17.3% | 15.2% | |
| Single | 13.2% | 18.6% | 15.2% | |
| Self-Rated Health Fair or Poor | 20.0% | 47.5% | 89.4% | <.001 |
| Had any health Insurance | 85.1% | 83.1% | 71.9% | .029 |
| Ever Received Medicaid Insurance | 11.9% | 30.6% | 39.1% | <.001 |
| Income (below 20k) | 27.0% | 40.5% | 53.0% | <.001 |
| MMSE | 28.30 + 2.4 | 27.79 + 2.7 | 26.68 + 3.4 | <.001a–c |
| Animal Naming | 19.85 + 6.0 | 18.26 + 6.0 | 17.19 + 5.8 | <.001a,b |
| BMI | 28.66 + 5.8 | 31.12 + 7.0 | 33.50 + 9.7 | <.001a–c |
| Smoking Status | .556 | |||
| Non-Smoker | 34.5% | 32.2% | 28.8% | |
| Past Smoker | 34.2% | 31.4% | 34.8% | |
| Current Smoker | 31.3% | 34.8% | 36.4% | |
| Falls Efficacy Scale | 98.70 + 5.2 | 93.25 + 11.5 | 80.94 + 20.0 | <.001a–c |
*
ANOVA for continuous outcomes and chi-square for categorical outcomes;
a
Pre-frail versus healthy p<.05 by Tukey posthoc analysis for ANOVA;
b
Frail versus healthy p<.05 by Tukey posthoc analysis for ANOVA;
c
Frail versus pre-frail p<.05 by Tukey posthoc analysis for ANOVA.