MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is down-regulated in natural killer (NK) cells from individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). (a) CD3− CD56+ NK cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 19 HCV-infected individuals and eight healthy subjects using magnetic beads. MicroRNAs (miRs) were isolated from NK cells, with or without interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulation, using the mirVanaTM miR isolation kit. The miR-155 levels were measured by RT-PCR using specific Taqman assays, normalized to snRU6 internal control, and quantified with the 2−ΔΔct relative quantification method. Medians, 25th and 75th centiles as boxes and 10th and 90th centiles as whiskers are shown for the miR-155 fold changes ***P < 0.001. (b) Relative miR-55 expression level, normalized by U6 (2−ΔΔCt), in NK cells from healthy subjects (HS) and HCV subjects before and after IL-2 stimulation are shown. The horizontal bars represent median values. (c) NK92 cells and primary NK cells were co-cultured with HCV+ Huh-7 and HCV− Huh-7 cells. The miR-155 levels were quantified with the 2−ΔΔct. Summary data from three independent experiments are shown. *P < 0·05.