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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2015 Feb 13;7(5):722–735. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1336

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Biomimetic encapsulation of influenza nucleoprotein can elicit CD8+ mediated immunity. (a) Nucleoprotein (NP) was encapsulated in the P22 VLP (left) via genetic fusion to the scaffolding protein (SP) mimicking the natural position of the NP in Influenza an artist’s rendering of which is shown (right). (b) Mice vaccinated with NP163-P22 (the first third of the NP gene encapsulated in P22) showed improved survival after subsequent challenge with PR8 and X31 compared to the empty P22 or a PBS control. Protection could be negated by the addition of the CD8+ T-cell depleting IgG (TIB210). (c) The initial weight loss of all the immunized mice suggests that even the NP163-P22 mice initially are infected and that the mechanism of protection is not humoral. (Reprinted with permission from Ref 60. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society)