Table 3.
Comparison with conventional injection sclerotherapy.
| References | Patients (n) | Follow-up (months) |
Sclerosing agents | Effectiveness (%) |
Complications (%) |
Recurrence (%) |
Additional therapy (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greca et al. 1981 [27] | 43 | 12 | 5% phenol | 70.0 | 0 | 30.2 | 14.0 |
| Gartell et al. 1985 [12] | 109 | 33 | 5% phenol | 70.0 | 0 | — | 25.7 |
| Walker et al. 1990 [13] | 28 | 48 | 5% phenol | 35.7 | 70.2 | 64.2 | 14.3 |
| Santos et al. 1993 [14] | 189 | 48 | 5% phenol | 60.3 | 0.5 | 8.5 | 22.2 |
| Kanellos et al. 2003 [15] | 80 | 48 | 5% phenol | 17.5 | 36.3 | 63.0 | 30.0 |
| Shi 1997 [16] | 21,361 | 36 | Xiaozhiling | 99.0 | 4.6 | 1.0 | — |
| Takano et al. 2006 [6] |
95 | 12 | ALTA | 94.0 | 49.0 | 16.0 | — |
| Tokunaga et al. 2010 [17] |
784 | 4–30 | ALTA | 96.0 | 1.8 | — | — |
| Hachiro et al. 2011 [7] |
448 | 29 | ALTA | — | 3.1 | — | 3.1 |
| Miyamoto et al. 2012 [18] |
28 | 8–21 | ALTA | 100 | 21.4 | 10.7 | — |
| Yano et al. 2014 [19] |
57 | 48 | ALTA | 53 | — | — | 22.8 |
| Present study 2015 |
83 | 27 | ALTA | 97.6 | 4.8 | 9.6 | 8.4 |
—: results absent or not clearly reported in the text.