TABLE 1.

Demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics of patients undergoing treatment for ACC^a

Characteristic	HVC (n = 411)	LVC (n = 2354)	p
Age, year, median (Q1, Q3)	50 (41, 60)	54 (43, 65)	<0.0001
Female gender (%)	57.4	59.9	0.34
Race (%)			0.57
White	87.4	87.3
Black	8.2	9.2
Other	4.4	3.5
Charlson/Deyo score ≥1 (%)	16.0	25.6	0.0002
Income (%)			0.26
<30,000	10.2	12.8
30,000–45,900	44.7	46.4
46,000+	45.1	40.8
Primary payer (%)			<0.0001
Not insured	2.7	5.1
Private insurance	57.4	58.2
Medicare	0.5	0.8
Medicaid	18.5	26.4
Other	20.9	9.5
Tumor size, cm, median (Q1, Q3)	11.2 (8.0, 16.0)	10.5 (7.1, 15.0)	0.0040
Distant metastasis present (%)	25.5	35.3	<0.0001
Grade (%)			0.02
1	11.1	16.1
2	25.3	16.1
3	38.4	49.4
4	25.3	18.5
NCDB analytic stage (%)			0.0003
1	4.3	6.3
2	39.8	30.8
3	15.1	17.3
4	39.8	45.5
Hospital type (%)			<0.0001
Community cancer program	0.0	8.7
Comprehensive community cancer program	5.7	48.8
Academic/research program	94.3	42.5
Surgery type (%)			<0.0001
No surgery	21.2	26.6
Local tumor surgery	1.9	4.9
Simple/partial resection	9.5	11.2
Total resection	39.2	40.0
Debulking	1.0	1.4
Radical surgery	17.3	13.9
Surgery NOS	10.0	2.0
Surgical approach (%)			0.01
Robotic assisted	1.3	5.8
Endoscopic/laparoscopic	16.7	23.6
Endoscopic convert to open	2.6	4.4
Open	79.5	66.2
Regional LNs examined (%)	23.2	18.8	0.05
Positive regional LNs (%)	6.6	5.3	0.33
Positive surgical margins (%)	23.2	25.8	0.17
Chemotherapy administered (%)	43.8	31.0	<0.0001
Radiotherapy administered (%)	12.9	10.6	0.17

ACC adrenocortical carcinoma, HVC high-volume center, LVC low-volume center, NCDB National Cancer Data Base, NOS not otherwise specified, LN lymph node

^aMissing data for each variable are <5 % except for the following: Charlson/Deyo score, 30 %; income, 6 %; distant metastasis, 84 %; grade, 77 %; stage, 84 %; surgical approach, 83 %; LNs examined, 9 %; LN positive, 9 %; surgical margins, 13 %