Appendix Table 2.
References to research reviewed in this chapter. The table is organized by anatomical regions, and it indicates neuroimaging findings based upon brain functional and structural methods. The names of the anatomical regions are listed as given by the researchers in the citations. All impairments are compared to healthy controls. Abbreviations: ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; FA, fractional anisotropy; MD, mean diffusivity.
| VOLUMETRIC IMPAIRMENTS |
VOLUMETRIC RECOVERY |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
TOTAL BRAIN VOLUME |
Pfefferbaum et al., 1992; Mann et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2012 |
Gazdzinski et al., 2005a (1 month follow-up); Mann et al., 2005 (5 week follow-up) |
||
| FUNCTIONAL BRAIN ABNORMALITIES | ||||
|
TOTAL GRAY MATTER |
Fein et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2012 | |||
|
Total Cortical Gray Matter |
Pfefferbaum et al., 1992; Pfefferbaum et al., 2001b; Makris et al., 2008 Pfefferbaum et al., 1992; |
|||
| Frontal Lobes |
Pfefferbaum et al., 1998; Gazdzinski et al., 2005b |
|||
| Prefrontal | Pfefferbaum et al., 1992 | Sullivan, 2003 | ||
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
Cardenas et al., 2007; Chanraud et al., 2007; Makris et al., 2008 |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2001a (2-Back Task); Akine et al., 2007 (Modified False Recognition Task); Parks et al., 2010 (Finger-Tapping) |
||
|
Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex |
Maurage et al., 2012b (Cyberball Task) | |||
| Orbitofrontal cortex |
Demirakca et al., 2011 (3 month follow-up) |
O’Daly et al., 2012 (Facial Expression Recognition Task) |
||
| Superior frontal gyrus |
Chanraud-Guillermo et al., 2009 (Auditory Language Task); Maurage et al., 2012a (Face- Voice Interaction Task) |
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| Middle frontal gyrus |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2001a (2-Back Task); Chanraud-Guillermo et al., 2009 (Auditory Language Task); Maurage et al., 2012a (Face- Voice Interaction Task); Maurage et al., 2012b (Cyberball Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
|||
| Inferior frontal gyrus |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2001a (2-Back Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
|||
|
Pre-central gyrus (primary motor cortex) |
Fein et al., 2009 |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2001a (2-Back Task); Parks et al., 2003 (Finger-Tapping Task); Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task); O’Daly et al., 2012 (Facial Expression Recognition Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
||
| Cingulate Gyrus |
Demirakca et al., 2011 (3 month follow-up) |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task) |
||
| Anterior cingulate |
Chanraud et al., 2007; Fein et al., 2009 |
Akine et al., 2007 (Modified False Recognition Task); Salloum et al., 2007 (Emotional Facial Expressions) |
||
|
Middle cingulate gyrus |
Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
|||
|
Posterior cingulate cortex |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task); Schulte et al., 2012a (Stroop Match-to- Sample Task) |
|||
| Parietal Lobes |
Pfefferbaum et al., 1992; Gazdzinski et al. 2005a; Fein et al., 2009 |
|||
| Superior parietal |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
|||
| Mesial parietal | Fein et al., 2009 | |||
| Lateral parietal | Fein et al., 2009 | |||
| Inferior parietal |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2001a (2-Back Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
|||
| Supramarginal gyrus | ||||
| Angular gyrus |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2001a (2-Back Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
|||
|
Post-central gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex) |
Fein et al., 2009 | Parks et al., 2010 (Finger-Tapping) | ||
| Temporo-parietal | Pfefferbaum et al., 1992 | |||
|
Dorsolateral frontal & parietal |
Chanraud et al., 2007 | |||
| Precuneus |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task) |
|||
| Insular Cortex |
Chanraud et al 2007; Makris et al., 2008; Fein et al., 2009 |
Demirakca et al., 2011 (3 month follow-up) |
Gizewski et al., 2013 (modified Reading the Mind In The Eyes Test); Maurage et al., 2012b (Cyberball Task); O’Daly et al., 2012 (Facial Expression Recognition Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
|
| Temporal Lobes |
Gazdzinski 2005b; Cardenas et al., 2007 |
|||
| Superior temporal | Chanraud et al., 2007 |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
||
|
Inferior temporal (lingual gyrus) |
Chanraud et al., 2007; Fein et al., 2009 |
|||
| Fronto-temporal | Pfefferbaum et al., 1992 | |||
| Middle temporal |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task) |
|||
|
Parahippocampal gyrus |
||||
| Fusiform gyrus |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task) |
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| Occipital Lobes | Fein et al., 2009 | |||
| Parieto-occipital | Pfefferbaum et al., 1992 | |||
| Medial occipital |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task) |
|||
| Inferior occipital |
Maurage et al., 2012a (Face-Voice Interaction Task) |
|||
|
Visual association (in occipital lobe) |
Fein et al., 2009 | Pfefferbaum et al., 2001a (2-back task) | ||
|
Primary visual (in occipital lobe) |
Fein et al., 2009 | |||
| Calcarine gyrus |
Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
|||
| Total Subcortical | Pfefferbaum et al., 1992 | |||
| Thalamus |
Gazdzinski et al., 2005b; Chanraud et al., 2007 |
Akine et al., 2007 (Modified False Recognition Task) |
||
| Ventral striatum |
Akine et al., 2007 (Modified False Recognition Task) |
|||
| Nucleus accumbens | Makris et al., 2008 | |||
| Caudate |
Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
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| Amygdala |
Makris et al., 2008; Wobrock et al., 2009 |
Marinkovic et al., 2009 (Face-Encoding Task); O’Daly et al., 2012 (Facial Expression Recognition Task) |
||
| Hippocampus |
Sullivan et al., 1995; Harding et al., 1997; Agartz et al., 1999 |
Marinkovic et al., 2009 (Face-Encoding Task) | ||
| Midbrain |
Schulte et al., 2012a (Stroop Match-to-Sample Task) |
|||
| Pons | Sullivan, 2003; Chanraud et al., 2007 | |||
| Total Cerebellum | Chanraud et al., 2007 | |||
| Cerebellar other | Chanraud et al., 2007 |
Parks et al., 2003 (Finger-Tapping Task); Chanraud-Guillermo et al., 2009 (Auditory Language Task); Pitel et al., 2012a (Face-Name Associative Learning Task) |
||
|
DIFFUSION IMPAIRMENTS |
DIFFUSION RECOVERY |
|||
|
TOTAL WHITE MATTER (WM) |
Agartz et al., 2003; Demirakca et al., 2011 (3 month follow-up) |
|||
| Total Cerebral WM |
Harper et al., 1990; Pfefferbaum et al., 1992, 1995, 2001b; Chen et al., 2012 |
|||
| Frontal WM |
Gazdzinski et al., 2005b; Chanraud et al., 2007 |
Gazdzinski et al., 2010b (1 month follow-up) |
Gazdzinski et al., 2010b (high MD) |
Gazdzinski et al., 2010b (increased MD after 1 week of abstinence, decreased MD and increased FA after 1 month of abstinence) |
| Frontal forceps |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2009 (low FA, high ADC); Rosenbloom et al., 2009 (low FA) |
|||
| Parietal WM | Gazdzinski et al., 2005b |
Gazdzinski et al., 2010b (high MD) |
Gazdzinski et al., 2010b (increased MD after 1 week of abstinence) |
|
| Temporal WM | Chanraud et al., 2007 |
Gazdzinski et al., 2010b (high MD) |
Gazdzinski et al., 2010b (decreased MD and increased FA after 1 month of abstinence) |
|
| Occipital WM |
Gazdzinski et al., 2010b (increased MD after 1 week of abstinence) |
|||
| Cingulum bundle |
Harris et al., 2008 (low FA); Pfefferbaum et al., 2009 (low FA, high ADC); Rosenbloom et al., 2009 (high ADC) |
|||
| Corpus callosum |
Agartz et al., 1999; Pfefferbaum et al., 1996, 2006; Chanraud et al., 2007; Ruiz et al., 2013 |
Muller-Oehring et al., 2009; Alhassoon et al., 2012 (low FA) |
||
| Internal capsule |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2009 (high ADC) |
|||
| External capsule |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2009 (high ADC); Rosenbloom et al., 2009 (high ADC) |
|||
|
Superior longitudinal fasciculus |
Harris et al., 2008 (low FA); Pfefferbaum et al., 2009 (high ADC); Rosenbloom et al., 2009 (high ADC) |
|||
| Fornix |
Pfefferbaum et al., 2009 (high ADC) |
|||
|
Superior temporal gyrus WM |
Harris et al., 2008 (low FA) |
|||
| Arcuate fasciculus |
Harris et al., 2008 (low FA) |
|||
|
Fronto-temporal junction, limen insula |
Harris et al., 2008 (low FA) |
|||
|
Anterior paracingulate WM |
Chanraud et al., 2007 | |||
| Uncinate fasciculus |
Schulte et al., 2012b (low FA) |
|||
|
TOTAL VENTRICLES OR CSF |
Pfefferbaum et al., 1992; Agartz et al., 1999; Kubota et al., 2001; Bendszus et al., 2001; Mann et al., 2005; Chanraud et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2012 |
Carlen et al., 1978; Gazdzinski et al., 2005a (1 month follow-up); Mann et al., 2005 (5 week follow-up), Demirakca et al., 2011 (3 month follow-up) |
||
| Lateral ventricles |
Pfefferbaum et al., 1992, 1998, 2001b |
Zipursky et al., 1989 (19–28 day follow-up); Wobrock et al., 2009 (6 to 9 month follow-up) |
||
| Third ventricle |
Pfefferbaum et al., 1992, 2001b |
|||
|
Sulcal or extracerebral CSF |
Pfefferbaum et al., 1998, 2001b; Mann et al., 2005 |
Mann et al., 2005 (5 week follow-up) |
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